Alaouddin Khwarzam Shah | by Aslam Rahi M.A.
Khwarazmian dynasty:
The Khwarazmian administration; otherwise called the
Khwarezmid line, the Anushtegin tradition, the line of Khwarazm Shahs, and
other spelling variations; from (Persian: خوارزمشاهیان,
translit. Khwārazmshāhiyān "Rulers of Khwarezmia") was a Persianate
Sunni Muslim line of Turkic mamluk origin. The tradition controlled expansive
parts of Central Asia and Iran amid the High Middle Ages, in the inexact time
of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and Qara-Khitan, and later as
autonomous rulers, up until the Mongol attack of Khwarezmia in the thirteenth
century.
The line was established by leader Anush Tigin Gharchai, a
previous Turkish slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was named as legislative head
of Khwarezm. His child, Qutb advertisement Din Muhammad I, turned into the
primary genetic Shah of Khwarezm.
History:
The date of the establishing of the Khwarazmian tradition
stays begging to be proven wrong. Amid a revolt in 1017, Khwarezmian rebels
killed Abu'l-Abbas Ma'mun and his significant other, Hurra-ji, sister of the
Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud. accordingly, Mahmud attacked and involved the area of
Khwarezm, which included Nasa and the ribat of Farawa. subsequently, Khwarezm
turned into a region of the Ghaznavid Empire from 1017 to 1034. In 1077 the governorship
of the area, which since 1042/1043 had a place with the Seljuqs, fell under the
control of Anush Tigin Gharchai, a previous Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultan.
In 1141, the Seljuq Sultan Ahmed Sanjar was crushed by the Qara Khitai at the
clash of Qatwan, and Anush Tigin's grandson Ala promotion Din Atsiz turned into
a vassal to Yelü Dashi of the Qara Khitan.
Sultan Ahmed Sanjar kicked the bucket in 1156. As the Seljuk
state fell into tumult, the Khwarezm-Shahs extended their domains southward. In
1194, the last Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, Toghril III, was crushed and
murdered by the Khwarezm ruler Ala advertisement Din Tekish, who vanquished
parts of Khorasan and western Iran. In 1200, Tekish kicked the bucket and was
prevailing by his child, Ala promotion Din Muhammad, who started a contention
with the Ghurids and was crushed by them at Amu Darya (1204). Following the
sack of Khwarizm, Muhammad advanced for help from his suzerain, the Qara Khitai
who sent him an army. With this support, Muhammad won a triumph over the
Ghorids at Hezarasp (1204) and constrained them out of Khwarizm.
Ala advertisement Din Muhammad's collusion with his suzerain
was fleeting. He again started a contention, this time with the guide of the
Kara-Khanids, and crushed a Qara-Khitai armed force at Talas (1210), yet
permitted Samarkand (1210) to be involved by the Qara-Khitai. He ousted the
Karakhanids (1212) and Ghurids (1215). In 1212, he moved his capital from
Gurganj to Samarkand. In this manner joining about the entire of Transoxania
and present-day Afghanistan into his domain, which after further victories in
western Persia (by 1217) extended from the Syr Darya to the Zagros Mountains,
and from the northern parts of the Hindu Kush to the Caspian Sea. By 1218, the
realm had a populace of 5 million people.
Mongol attack and fall:
In 1218, Genghis Khan sent an exchange mission to the state,
yet at the town of Otrar the senator, suspecting the Khan's represetatives to
be spies, reallocated their products and executed them. Genghis Khan requested
reparations, which the Shah declined to pay. Genghis struck back with a compel
of 200,000 men, propelling a multi-pronged attack. In February 1220 the
Mongolian armed force crossed the Syr Darya. The Mongols raged Bukhara, Gurganj
and the Khwarezmid capital Samarkand. The Shah fled and passed on a few weeks
after the fact on an island in the Caspian Sea.
The child of Ala promotion Din Muhammad, Jalal advertisement
Din Mingburnu turned into the new Sultan (he dismisses the title Shah). He
endeavored to escape to India, however the Mongols got up to speed with him
before he arrived, and he was vanquished at the Battle of Indus. He got away
and looked for refuge in the Sultanate of Delhi. Iltumish however denied this
to him in reverence to the association with the Abbasid caliphs. Coming back to
Persia, he accumulated an armed force and re-set up a kingdom. He never combined
his energy, in any case, spending whatever is left of his days battling against
the Mongols, the Seljuks of Rum, and fakers to his own particular royal
position. He lost his control over Persia in a fight against the Mongols in the
Alborz Mountains. Getting away to the Caucasus, he caught Azerbaijan in 1225,
setting up his capital at Tabriz. In 1226 he assaulted Georgia and sacked
Tbilisi. Completing on the Armenian good countries he conflicted with the
Ayyubids, catching the town Ahlat along the western shores of the Lake Van, who
looked for the guide of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Sultan Kayqubad I
vanquished him at Arzinjan on the Upper Euphrates at the Battle of Yassıçemen
in 1230. He got away to Diyarbakir, while the Mongols vanquished Azerbaijan in
the resulting disarray. He was killed in 1231 by Kurdish highwaymen.
Hired fighters:
In spite of the fact that the Mongols had wrecked the
Khwarezmian Empire in 1220, numerous Khwarezmians made due by acting as
soldiers of fortune in northern Iraq. Sultan Jalal promotion Din's devotees
stayed faithful to him even after his passing in 1231, and assaulted the Seljuk
grounds of Jazira and Syria for the following quite a while, calling themselves
the Khwarezmiyya. Ayyubid Sultan as-Salih Ayyub, in Egypt, later procured their
administrations against his uncle as-Salih Ismail. The Khwarezmiyya, traveling
south from Iraq towards Egypt, attacked Crusader Christian-held Jerusalem en
route, on July 11, 1244. The city's fortification, the Tower of David,
surrendered on August 23, the Crusader Christian populace of the city was
ousted. This set off a call from Europe for the Seventh Crusade, however the
Crusaders could never again be fruitful in retaking Jerusalem. In the wake of
being vanquished by the Khwarezmian powers, the city remained under Muslim
control until 1917, when it was taken from the Ottomans by the British.
Subsequent to taking Jerusalem, the Khwarezmian strengths
proceeded with south, and on October 17 battled in favor of the Ayyubids at the
Battle of Harbiyah, upper east of Gaza, executing the remaining parts of the
Crusader Christian armed force there, around 1,200 knights. It was the biggest
fight including the crusaders since the Battle of the Horns of Hattin in 1187.
The remaining parts of the Muslim Khwarezmians served in
Egypt as Mamluk hired soldiers until they were at long last beaten by al-Mansur
Ibrahim a few years after the fact.
Khwarizmi war hostages absorbed into the Mongols, framing the
cutting edge Mongolian tribe Sartuul.
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