Who Is Hassan Mohaqiq? IRGC Intelligence Organization’s Second-in-Command | Biography

“Learn about General Hassan Mohaqiq, the deputy head of Iran’s IRGC Intelligence Organization. Explore his role in counter-espionage, political suppression, and national security planning.”

Introduction

Brigadier General Hassan Mohaqiq operates as the Deputy Head of the Intelligence Organization within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), directly under the command of General Mohammad Kazemi. Although he is seldom mentioned in public discussions, General Mohaqiq plays a crucial and sensitive role in Iran's intelligence framework, particularly in the areas of internal security coordination, intelligence evaluation, counterintelligence, and covert operations.
His efforts are indispensable for preserving the operational cohesion of the IRGC, especially in light of escalating geopolitical tensions, covert foreign activities within Iran, and increasing domestic unrest.

Background and Career Overview of General Hassan Mohaqiq

Details regarding General Hassan Mohaqiq’s private life—such as his origins, educational background, or early military history—are largely absent, which is typical for senior Iranian intelligence officials. However, existing information from regional defense publications and Iranian media indicates his extensive involvement in military intelligence over several decades, during which he has steadily advanced through the ranks by focusing on field intelligence coordination and strategies for internal security.
Prior to his appointment as deputy to General Kazemi, he reportedly held significant positions within the IRGC's counter-espionage and surveillance divisions, aiding in the detection and neutralization of foreign intelligence networks, particularly those associated with Israel's Mossad and the CIA.

Role and Responsibilities as Deputy Intelligence Chief

As the second-highest official in the IRGC Intelligence Organization, General Mohaqiq is instrumental in overseeing both strategic frameworks and tactical operations across various intelligence sectors.

1. Operational Oversight and Coordination

Mohaqiq coordinates the day-to-day activities of Iran’s intelligence divisions, ensuring effective communication between local field offices and the central command. This involves:

• Sanctioning high-stakes intelligence initiatives
• Overseeing the collection and evaluation of intelligence data
• Permitting intelligence endeavors that include cyber, electronic, and human resources
• Guiding field agents and internal security forces

His role requires a comprehensive understanding of various threats both within and outside Iran, particularly regarding foreign intelligence infiltration and internal discord.

2. Counter-Espionage and Internal Vetting

One of his paramount responsibilities is supporting General Kazemi in formulating counterintelligence strategies. Mohaqiq supervises operations focused on:

• Detecting and apprehending foreign operatives within Iran
• Conducting loyalty evaluations and background checks for IRGC members
• Monitoring military, aerospace, and nuclear installations for potential leaks
• Blocking the dissemination of information to opposition entities or outside media

These efforts heightened following several significant security breaches from 2018 to 2021, prompting a more secretive and disciplined leadership within the IRGC.

3. Suppression of Political Dissent

General Mohaqiq is tasked with leading intelligence units charged with observing and curtailing anti-government activities. This entails:

• Pinpointing protest leaders, dissidents, or opposition groups
• Monitoring the communications of activists, journalists, and thinkers
• Collaborating with cyber divisions to track encrypted messaging platforms and social media
• Executing targeted operations to intimidate or detain principal figures associated with civil unrest

Under his leadership, the intelligence organization has intensified its surveillance of online activism and opposition groups abroad, which Iran perceives as instruments of Western interference.

4. Collaboration with Other Military Intelligence Arms

While the IRGC Intelligence Organization operates as an independent entity, it coordinates with other security bodies, including:

• The Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS)
• The IRGC Quds Force (engaged in foreign operations)
• The Passive Defense Organization (focused on infrastructure security)

Mohaqiq serves as a coordinator and planner, facilitating intelligence exchanges and collaborative operations—especially regarding border safety, safeguarding nuclear programs, and countering regional terrorism.

Strategic Importance in Iran’s National Defense

The role of General Hassan Mohaqiq as deputy to General Kazemi illustrates Iran’s commitment to maintaining security continuity, secrecy, and ideological fidelity within the IRGC.
His selection guarantees that:

• Critical operations are not reliant on a single individual
• The IRGC exhibits robust leadership during crises or shifts
• Decision-making processes are collaborative and reinforced through collective assessments
• The IRGC upholds multiple layers of control over domestic intelligence oversight

In a politically fragmented system such as Iran’s, these power redundancies aid the regime in navigating both external pressures and internal turbulence.

Public Visibility and Media Quietude

Similar to General Kazemi, General Hassan Mohaqiq projects an exceedingly low-profile presence. He refrains from giving interviews, and only a limited number of official images or statements are available publicly. This strategy serves to safeguard both his physical safety and the confidentiality of the IRGC’s most sensitive operations.

General Mohammad Kazemi – Iran’s Intelligence Chief Leading the IRGC’s Secret War | Biography

“Explore the role of General Mohammad Kazemi, the secretive head of Iran’s IRGC Intelligence Organization. Learn how he reshaped Iran’s counter-espionage and internal security apparatus.”

Introduction

Brigadier General Mohammad Kazemi holds the position of Chief within the Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), a pivotal, clandestine, and highly influential segment of Iran’s military and security infrastructure. His role is crucial in influencing Iran's policies regarding domestic security, intelligence methodologies, and counterespionage strategies, particularly during escalating regional conflicts and heightened global observation.
Kazemi's ascent mirrors a larger transformation in Iran's intelligence leadership, emphasizing operational confidentiality, rigorous internal discipline, and counter-infiltration tactics, driven by a need to address both domestic disturbances and external dangers such as sabotage, cyber intrusions, and assassination schemes aimed at prominent Iranian scientists and military leaders.

Background and Career Trajectory of General Mohammad Kazemi

While information about Kazemi’s formative years and personal life is minimal, consistent with the covert nature of his position, he boasts an extensive history within the IRGC's intelligence framework. Previously, he led the IRGC's Intelligence Protection Organization, concentrating on internal security and counterintelligence, particularly to obstruct infiltrations by adversarial foreign operatives, notably from Israel’s Mossad and the CIA.
His appointment in June 2022, succeeding Hossein Taeb—a prominent and long-serving intelligence leader—was interpreted as a tactical decision by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, aimed at redefining the IRGC's intelligence priorities in light of several intelligence setbacks, including:

• The assassination of prominent nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh (2020)
• Various explosions at Iranian nuclear and military sites
• Covert Israeli actions within Iranian borders
• Increasing civil unrest and anti-government demonstrations

General Kazemi’s low public visibility and expertise in counter-espionage indicate a pivot toward more stringent security measures and eliminating potential informants or infiltrators.

What is the IRGC Intelligence Organization (Sazman-e Ettela'at-e Sepah)?

The IRGC Intelligence Organization (IRO) operates separately from Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS), yet there is often a degree of overlap in their authority. Founded around 2009, it serves as a parallel intelligence body directly loyal to the Supreme Leader, assigned with:

• Monitoring political opposition
• Confronting foreign intelligence threats, particularly from Israel and the U. S.
• Surveillance of journalists, civil society, and academic figures
• Tracking anti-government activists both domestically and abroad
• Securing nuclear and military research initiatives
• Conducting external intelligence operations in collaboration with the IRGC-Quds Force

Under General Kazemi’s leadership, the IRO has enhanced its concentration on domestic intelligence security amidst significant protests, sabotage attempts, and regional clandestine conflicts.

Key Responsibilities of General Mohammad Kazemi

1. Counter-Espionage Operations

General Kazemi’s primary focus involves neutralizing threats from foreign espionage. This encompasses identifying and thwarting:

• Mossad agents and Israeli intelligence factions operating within Iran
• CIA activities and intelligence networks in border regions
• Surveillance or infiltration efforts in Iran’s defense sectors
• Information leaks concerning missile, drone, and nuclear initiatives

He spearheads operations to apprehend suspected spies, dismantle sabotage frameworks, and execute security evaluations throughout Iran’s military and governmental institutions.

2. Protecting Strategic Facilities

In recent years, Iran’s vital military and nuclear installations have faced threats. General Kazemi oversees the following responsibilities:

• Securing nuclear sites such as Natanz, Fordow, and Arak
• Monitoring IRGC missile storage facilities
• Conducting intelligence risk evaluations for research and aerospace laboratories
• Protection of Strategic Scientists and Military Engineers

He presumably collaborates extensively with Iran's Passive Defense Organization, which is tasked with enhancing infrastructure resilience and planning against sabotage.

3. Surveillance of Domestic Dissent

The intelligence branch of the IRGC, led by Kazemi, plays a pivotal role in monitoring domestic unrest and quelling dissent. This encompasses:

• Observing protests and political opposition groups
• Tracking activists, bloggers, and dissidents in academia
• Intercepting encrypted online messages
• Targeting dual citizens alleged to be involved in espionage or activism

Since taking office, General Kazemi has reportedly reinforced internal structures, executed arrests of suspected "moles," and broadened cyber-surveillance initiatives across social media channels.

4. Foreign Intelligence and Hybrid Warfare

While the IRGC Intelligence Organization focuses more on internal matters compared to the Quds Force, it nevertheless engages in foreign activities by:

• Exchanging intelligence with Quds operatives in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon
• Executing cyber operations against Israel and the United States
• Delivering real-time battlefield intelligence in proxy conflicts (such as those involving Hezbollah or Hashd al-Shaabi)
• Monitoring Iranian dissidents residing overseas

General Kazemi's leadership enhances hybrid warfare approaches, intertwining cyber, intelligence, and informational tactics to deter and disrupt adversaries.

Why Was Hossein Taeb Replaced by General Kazemi?

General Hossein Taeb’s term was characterized by numerous significant intelligence failures. Notably:

• Israeli operatives penetrated Iranian territory and executed audacious missions
• Data regarding the nuclear program was allegedly smuggled abroad
• An increase in suspicious fatalities and explosions at military sites
• Public critiques of the IRGC’s intelligence inadequacies

The appointment of Mohammad Kazemi in 2022 was a direct reaction to these issues, aimed at reinstating discipline, confidentiality, and operational credibility within Iran’s intelligence apparatus.

Strategic Importance of General Kazemi's Role

General Kazemi occupies a quiet yet crucial position in Iran’s national security framework. His duties impact:

• Iran’s stability in the face of international pressures
• Protection of military technologies and sensitive defense initiatives
• Resilience of IRGC intelligence operations
• Iran’s capability to identify preemptive strikes or sabotage efforts

His leadership mirrors Khamenei’s aim for complete control, loyalty, and professionalism within the intelligence divisions of the IRGC.

Public Profile and Statements

In contrast to his predecessor, Kazemi maintains a distance from the media. His public engagements are exceedingly infrequent, and he communicates primarily through official statements, if he communicates at all.
This deliberate low visibility serves dual purposes:

1. Protection against foreign assassination threats
2. Maintaining operational secrecy in a hostile intelligence landscape

This discretion parallels the model of modern intelligence leadership within the IRGC—emphasizing stealth over symbolism.

General Khosro Hassani – Deputy Intelligence Chief of Iran’s Aerospace Force | Biography

“Explore the role of General Khosro Hassani, deputy intelligence chief of Iran’s Aerospace Force. Learn about Iran's aerial surveillance, missile strategy, and cyber intelligence.”

Introduction

Brigadier General Khosro Hassani acts as the Deputy Intelligence Chief for the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), a position of significant relevance in Iran’s military framework. His duties align him at the crossroads of intelligence initiatives, strategic threat assessments, and aerospace capabilities, positioning him as an essential player in Iran's defense structure, particularly in the context of escalating tensions throughout the Middle East.
Iran's Aerospace Force has evolved into one of the most sophisticated and self-sufficient branches of the IRGC, tasked with launching missiles and space vehicles, surveilling enemy aerial operations, managing satellite intelligence, and orchestrating cyber-espionage activities. General Khosro Hassani occupies a crucial, albeit understated, role in this high-stakes arena.

Background and Military Career

Though General Hassani maintains a relatively low public profile due to the secretive nature of his role, his military journey extends over several decades within Iran's exclusive intelligence and aerospace sectors. His involvement is believed to include:

• Coordinating operations for space and satellite surveillance
• Evaluating U. S. and Israeli aircraft movement patterns in the vicinity
• Supervising intelligence collection via UAVs and reconnaissance drones
• Working alongside counterintelligence teams to avert sabotage of Iran's missile and space initiatives

Acknowledged as a strategic thinker and a specialist in the integration of aerial and cyber-intelligence, he collaborates closely with leading IRGC generals like Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the commander of the IRGC Aerospace Force.

The Role of the IRGC Aerospace Force in Iran’s Defense

The IRGC Aerospace Force transcends conventional air force functions, operating instead as a comprehensive defense organization that includes:

• Ballistic missile development and operations
• Satellite oversight
• Drone deployment and aerial reconnaissance
• Cyber-intelligence and communication safeguarding

This distinctive blend provides it with a competitive advantage in hybrid warfare, solidifying its role as a foundational component of Iran’s deterrent strategy. In this setting, General Khosro Hassani’s distinctive leadership in intelligence is essential for:

• Identifying potential aerial threats
• Securing space assets
• Thwarting foreign intelligence and sabotage efforts
• Delivering intelligence support for missile targeting and trajectory planning

Key Responsibilities of Gen. Khosro Hassani

1. Strategic Intelligence Gathering

General Hassani's scope of responsibilities includes monitoring:

• Foreign satellite activities in Iranian airspace
• Movements of U. S. and Israeli military aircraft in the region
• Drone breaches and surveillance ventures
• Interceptions of space-based signals and electronic warfare data

His unit is tasked with tracking threats and evaluating enemy vulnerabilities, utilizing this information to inform aerospace mission strategies.

2. Security of Aerospace Infrastructure

Iran's aerospace command manages critical strategic resources, such as:

• Missile production and testing facilities
• Satellite launch sites
• Underground ballistic missile installations
• Drone manufacturing plants

General Hassani plays a role in counterintelligence, safeguarding these locations from:

• Espionage, both physical and cyber-based
• Sabotage attempts, including operations like Stuxnet
• Intelligence leaks or infiltrations

3. Cyber and Electronic Warfare Intelligence

Iran has made significant investments in both cyber defense and offensive capabilities, particularly within the Aerospace Force. General Hassani's team is involved in:

• Intercepting communications from enemy drones
• Monitoring attempts at GPS spoofing
• Protecting radar and missile guidance systems from jamming
• Executing cyber-espionage operations aimed at hostile infrastructures

This position is increasingly vital as the landscape of warfare transitions toward non-kinetic and digital fields.

4. Missile Targeting Intelligence

Prior to executing any missile launch, the Aerospace Force of Iran necessitates accurate geospatial data, thermal imaging, electronic signals, and trajectory analysis. The department led by Hassani gathers and authenticates intelligence pertaining to:

• Locations of bases
• Heat signatures of runways
• Positions of anti-aircraft batteries
• Innovative decoys and radar-absorbing technologies

His expertise allows the IRGC to fine-tune missile systems with remarkable precision.

Collaboration with Other Iranian Intelligence Agencies

General Hassani collaborates closely with:

• The Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS) – for expansive strategic monitoring
• The Quds Force Intelligence Division – for overseas intelligence, notably in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon
• Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense HQ – for the exchange of radar and UAV information
• The cyber divisions within the IRGC – to carry out joint cyber initiatives

This interconnected intelligence framework enhances Iran’s capacity to act preemptively or retaliate aggressively, especially against regional threats posed by Israel, the United States, and Saudi Arabia.

Iran’s Rising Space and Missile Power – Hassani’s Importance

With a leadership team that features experts like General Hassani, Iran has reached significant achievements in its aerospace initiatives:

• Successfully launched military satellites (Noor series)
• Created hypersonic missile prototypes
• Introduced long-range drones that can surveil Israel and U. S. military installations
• Developed comprehensive radar and anti-drone systems

The intelligence operations overseen by Hassani are crucial for accomplishing these objectives while circumventing foreign detection and interference.

Challenges Faced by General Khosro Hassani

High-Level Assassination Threats
Given his pivotal role, General Hassani is likely included on foreign intelligence assassination lists, particularly following the targeting of IRGC scientists and commanders in previous incidents.
Sanctions and Technological Embargoes
Sanctions hinder access to advanced technology. His department often finds itself needing to reverse-engineer or innovate locally under stringent limitations.
Constant Electronic Surveillance
U. S. and Israeli satellites and drones keep a watchful eye on Iranian actions. Counteracting this surveillance forms a part of his routine operational hurdles.

Conclusion

Although he primarily operates out of the spotlight, General Khosro Hassani’s influence within Iran’s military and strategic intelligence framework is significant. As the deputy intelligence chief of the IRGC Aerospace Force, he embodies a new wave of Iranian leadership: one that champions cyber, space, and digital intelligence capabilities alongside conventional military strength.
Iran's growing proficiency in evading, countering, and addressing regional and worldwide aerial threats underscores the effectiveness of leaders like Hassani. As time progresses, his role is expected to gain more visibility as Iran advances toward self-sustained aerospace defense and intelligence authority.

General Davood Sheikhian – Iran’s Air Defense Commander and Protector of the Nation’s Skies | Biography

“Explore the role of General Davood Sheikhian, Commander of Iran’s Air Defense Force. Learn about Iran’s missile systems, radar technology, and strategic air defense doctrine.”

Introduction

Brigadier General Davood Sheikhian currently leads the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force, a crucial unit dedicated to safeguarding Iranian airspace from contemporary aerial threats. Renowned for his strategic insight and technical skill, General Sheikhian stands as one of Iran's foremost military figures, responsible for directing a highly advanced and sensitive segment of the Iranian Armed Forces.
In an era characterized by drone warfare, missile technology, and aerial surveillance, the Air Defense Force, guided by Sheikhian, serves as the frontline defense against both regional foes and global entities. His appointment symbolizes a pivotal phase in Iran’s military advancement as it persistently enhances its indigenous radar technologies, air defense missiles, and detection systems amidst rising geopolitical tensions.

Background and Military Career of General Davood Sheikhian

Despite recently taking charge of Iran’s Air Defense Force, General Sheikhian has a long-standing career within the framework of the Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense Base, the primary organization responsible for air surveillance, radar operations, and intercepting adversarial aircraft or drones.
General Sheikhian advanced through the ranks by fulfilling various essential operational and technical roles, including:

• Radar and surveillance division officer
• Commander of air defense sectors near key cities and borders
• Advisor to former air defense leaders
• Senior strategist in joint exercises involving the IRGC and Artesh

He is widely recognized in military circles for his strategic leadership, emphasis on innovation, and partnership with Iran’s domestic defense manufacturing sector. His career illustrates the growing significance of air-based threat response in Iranian military strategy.

Iran’s Air Defense Command Structure

The Air Defense Force functions under the overarching Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense Headquarters, which was officially established as a separate military branch in 2008. This transition highlighted the Iranian leadership’s awareness of emerging threats such as:

• U. S. and Israeli reconnaissance aircraft
• Fighter jet intrusions
• Missile and drone assaults
• Electronic warfare and cyber incursions

The Air Defense Force collaborates closely with:

• The Artesh (conventional army)
• The IRGC Aerospace Force
• The Ministry of Defense's Electronics Industries (SAIRAN and others)

In his role as commander, General Sheikhian supervises all these interconnected layers of radar systems, missile installations, command centers, and integrated response frameworks.

Primary Responsibilities of General Davood Sheikhian

1. National Airspace Security

General Sheikhian’s primary responsibility is to shield Iran’s skies from any foreign aerial threats. This encompasses the deployment of early warning radar systems, the management of surface-to-air missile installations, and maintaining continuous monitoring of border areas and vital infrastructure sites such as:

• Nuclear facilities (Natanz, Fordow)
• Military air bases
• Oil refineries and ports
• Key urban areas (Tehran, Isfahan, Bandar Abbas)

2. Indigenous Technology Development

Iran’s air defense framework is heavily reliant on domestically developed systems, including:

• Bavar-373 – Similar to Russia’s S-300
• Khordad-15 – Capable of intercepting cruise missiles and stealth aircraft
• Talash and Raad Systems
• Fakour-90 air-to-air missile coordination

Under Sheikhian’s leadership, there is a significant emphasis on innovation and self-sufficiency, aiming to lessen reliance on foreign technology amidst ongoing sanctions and embargoes.

3. Collaborative Military Drills

General Sheikhian takes a central role in executing joint military exercises that include:

• Live missile launches
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) interception scenarios
• Counter-electronic warfare strategies
• Command and Control (C2) training

Exercises like Modafean-e Aseman (“Defenders of the Sky”) are routinely performed to replicate large-scale assaults from enemy aircraft or drones and to assess collaboration among the IRGC, Artesh, and Air Defense units.

4. Integration of Cyber and Electronic Warfare

Contemporary warfare encompasses non-kinetic challenges. Under General Sheikhian, Iran’s air defense approach has broadened to:

• Identify radar jamming activities
• Counter electronic deception
• Enhance signal encryption and secure communication during operations
• Implement AI systems for independent threat evaluation

This positions Iran’s air defense as a hybrid system that fuses kinetic interception with electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM).

Challenges and Strategic Significance

Iran’s geographical positioning renders its airspace extremely sensitive. It shares borders with:

• U. S. military installations in Iraq, Qatar, Bahrain, and Afghanistan (until 2021)
• Aerial pathways utilized by Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE
• The Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and the Sea of Oman

In this unstable landscape, General Sheikhian’s role is crucial for various reasons:

• Safeguarding nuclear and strategic sites
• Surveillance of U. S. reconnaissance drones and surveillance aircraft
• Averting Israeli surprise attacks
• Intercepting hostile UAVs approaching borders with Iraq, Azerbaijan, or Pakistan

With the rising deployment of drones, as seen in the targeted killings of Iranian scientists and acts of sabotage, General Sheikhian’s position is essential at the forefront.

Public Statements and Media Engagement

Despite being a relatively new figure, General Sheikhian has made several public statements highlighting Iran’s air defense preparedness. Key remarks include:

The airspace over Iran is among the most secure in the region. No hostile aircraft can enter our airspace without detection and engagement.

Iran’s air defense is now completely self-sufficient, capable of identifying threats at extensive distances and intercepting them with accuracy.

These comments underscore the confidence of Iran’s military leadership in their advancing capabilities and a deterrent stance toward adversaries.

Regional Repercussions and Deterrent Strategy

General Sheikhian’s leadership signifies Iran’s shifting military doctrine toward:

• Proactive deterrence instead of passive defense
• Coordinated responses through radars, surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), and drones
• Technological autonomy to confront embargoes and isolation

His role is critical to Iran’s regional strategy, especially in response to:

• Israeli long-range operations
• U. S. air/naval deployments
• The modern air forces of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations

By establishing a multi-layered air defense system, General Sheikhian seeks to raise the costs associated with any aerial aggression, thereby dissuading preemptive strikes on Iranian territory.

General Mehdi Rabbani – Deputy Commander of Operations for Iran’s Armed Forces and Strategic Military Leader | Biography

“Explore the military career of General Mehdi Rabbani, Iran’s Deputy Commander of Operations. Learn about his role in joint drills, defense strategy, and operational leadership.”

Introduction

Brigadier General Mehdi Rabbani stands as a significant player in the military leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran, holding the position of Deputy Commander of Operations within the Armed Forces General Staff (AFGS). His responsibilities place him at the core of Iran's defense strategies and military operational planning.
Operating within a military that maintains a balance between the regular army (Artesh) and the ideologically focused Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Rabbani functions as a vital orchestrator of collaborative operations, training exercises, crisis management, and strategic military frameworks. His duties encompass both defensive strategies and offensive preparedness, ensuring that the Iranian Armed Forces retain readiness across land, air, sea, and cyber realms.

Military Background and Rise in Ranks

General Mehdi Rabbani is thought to possess a substantial military history within Iran's Armed Forces, with strong ties to both the IRGC and the Artesh. Although there is limited public information regarding his formative years, it is generally accepted that Rabbani garnered acclaim during military campaigns following the Iran-Iraq War and later made a name for himself in roles related to joint operational command.
During the 2000s and 2010s, Rabbani received various pivotal roles, playing a part in military preparedness evaluations, strategic mobilization initiatives, and collaboration between branches of the service.
His positions have included:

• Operational strategist for significant military exercises and simulations
• Strategic consultant on asymmetric warfare situations
• Liaison connecting IRGC and Artesh units
• Management of logistics, troop movements, and force synchronization

His effectiveness in these capacities ultimately resulted in his appointment as Deputy Commander of Operations for the Armed Forces, establishing him as a vital individual in Iran’s military hierarchy.

Understanding the Role: Deputy Commander of Operations (AFGS)

The Armed Forces General Staff (AFGS) serves as the primary coordinating entity for all branches of the Iranian military. While the Chief of Staff (currently Major General Mohammad Bagheri) supervises overarching strategic doctrine and policies, the Deputy Commander of Operations has specific responsibilities that include:

• Planning and executing military training exercises
• Coordinating defensive measures in response to actual threats
• Assessing troop readiness across all branches
• Organizing nationwide mobilization exercises and emergency response protocols
• Executing authority during collaborative IRGC-Artesh missions
• Ensuring efficient command and control mechanisms across Iran’s operational theaters

In essence, General Rabbani’s role is to ensure that when Iran confronts internal disturbances, border violations, or foreign military threats, the armed forces can react swiftly, effectively, and decisively.

Key Areas of Focus and Strategic Operations

1. Military Drills and Readiness Exercises

With Rabbani at the helm, Iran's Armed Forces have markedly heightened the frequency and complexity of their joint training drills. These encompass:

• Zolfaqar Exercises (naval and terrestrial operations)
• Modafean-e Aseman (Defenders of the Sky) – Air defense preparedness
• Great Prophet War Games – Simulations of missile, drone, and cyber warfare
• Collaborative drills between the Artesh and IRGC
• These exercises aim to demonstrate deterrence, evaluate new weaponry, and enhance training for hybrid warfare.

2. Inter-Branch Coordination (IRGC and Artesh)

Rabbani has been instrumental in closing the divide between the Artesh and the IRGC, which have historically functioned with distinct doctrines and command structures. His responsibilities include:

• Aligning command protocols
• Creating joint operations centers
• Enabling data exchange and combat coordination

This is particularly crucial in multi-domain scenarios, such as securing the Strait of Hormuz, protecting airspace, and addressing drone incursions or sabotage incidents.

3. Crisis Response and Strategic Deployment

General Rabbani manages the rapid mobilization of forces to address:

• Border conflicts with nations like Pakistan or Iraq
• Naval disputes in the Persian Gulf
• Drone or cyberattacks purportedly connected to Israel or Western nations
• Domestic civil disturbances, which prompt a state of heightened alert among the armed forces

He has also played a role in organizing humanitarian aid during national emergencies such as earthquakes, floods, and pandemics, demonstrating the military’s logistical proficiencies.

Statements and Doctrinal Contributions

Although Rabbani does not frequently express views publicly as do political figures or IRGC leaders, he makes occasional appearances in Iranian state media during military drills or defense forums, where he asserts:

The Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic stand ready to face all threats, whether conventional or hybrid, with complete operational readiness.

He frequently advocates for Iran's defensive military strategy, clarifying that while Iran does not pursue conflict, it is ready for prompt and vigorous retaliation against any infringement of its sovereignty.
Rabbani also champions Iran’s emphasis on domestic military production, which manufactures tanks, drones, missiles, and radar systems to counteract Western military and economic sanctions.

Strategic Importance in the Region

In a region characterized by proxy battles, naval disputes, and evolving alliances, General Rabbani’s operational management guarantees that Iran is:

• Equipped for regional escalation, particularly in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon
• Able to exert maritime influence in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea
• Prepared to confront the military presence of the U. S., Israel, and NATO in nearby areas
• Enhancing capabilities in cyber and drone warfare for impending conflicts

Rabbani’s operational leadership has proven vital in augmenting Iran’s hybrid warfare potential, merging conventional military strength with contemporary digital and asymmetrical resources.

Legacy and Reputation

Though not widely recognized outside Iran, General Mehdi Rabbani is well-regarded among military professionals as:

• A subtle strategist with profound insight into operational logistics
• A unifier among various branches of the armed forces
• A pragmatic implementer of national defense policies

He enjoys the trust of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and collaborates closely with high-ranking officials such as Mohammad Bagheri, Gholamali Rashid, and Amir Ali Hajizadeh, forming a core team dedicated to maintaining Iran’s defense posture.

General Gholamreza Mehrabi – Deputy Intelligence Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces and Silent Guardian of National Security | Biography

“Discover the strategic role of Brigadier General Gholamreza Mehrabi, Deputy Intelligence Chief of Iran's Armed Forces. Learn about his covert influence on Iran’s military and security policies.”

Introduction

Brigadier General Gholamreza Mehrabi is a prominent figure within the Iranian military framework, serving as the Deputy Intelligence Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff (AFGS) of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Despite his relatively discreet public persona, General Mehrabi occupies a position of significant strategic and classified importance within the military-intelligence landscape of Iran, playing a direct role in national defense, security, and counter-intelligence initiatives.
He operates at the convergence of military strategy and intelligence collaboration, serving as one of the principal advisors on issues of national security and secret defense planning. As Iran navigates an array of intricate regional and international challenges, the importance of high-level intelligence officials like General Mehrabi has intensified.

Understanding the Role: Deputy Intelligence Chief of the Armed Forces

Within the Iranian military hierarchy, the Armed Forces General Staff (AFGS) functions as the premier military coordination entity, responsible for synchronizing the operations of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Artesh (the regular army), Law Enforcement Forces, and an assortment of other military and security agencies.
The Deputy Intelligence Chief operates within the Intelligence Organization of the AFGS, tasked with the duties of:

• Facilitating intelligence collaboration among the IRGC, Artesh, Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS), and the Supreme Leader’s Office
• Evaluating regional threats, such as those posed by Israel, the U. S., and Gulf Arab nations
• Managing counter-espionage and monitoring internal threats
• Overseeing classified military operations and strategic methodologies
• Directing psychological warfare and cyber intelligence divisions
• Advising senior military leaders in Iran on clandestine threats and strategic openings

As the second highest authority in this intelligence framework, General Mehrabi is highly engaged in both gathering defensive intelligence and developing offensive security strategies, encompassing cybersecurity, surveillance systems, and foreign intelligence partnerships.

Background and Career Path

Public details regarding General Gholamreza Mehrabi’s formative years, educational background, or entry into the military are scarce, which is commonplace for those in elite intelligence roles. Nonetheless, based on various military writings and mentions in Iranian media, it is known that:

• He has an extensive history within the Iranian military intelligence community.
• He is believed to have been active in IRGC Intelligence and counter-intelligence efforts during the years following the Iran-Iraq War and into the 2000s.
• He has established connections with key figures in Iran’s security apparatus, such as IRGC Intelligence Chief Hossein Taeb (up until 2022) and Major General Mohammad Bagheri, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces.
• General Mehrabi has participated in internal investigations, including counter-espionage initiatives to address foreign infiltration.

His ascension to the role of deputy intelligence chief likely signifies decades of loyalty, discretion, and demonstrated success in security operations vital to the regime's stability and strategic deterrent capabilities.

Operational Focus and Strategic Influence

General Mehrabi’s impact is manifested through his advisory responsibilities and coordinating roles among various military branches and intelligence entities. In recent times, he has likely engaged in intelligence strategies concerning:

1. Counter-espionage & Internal Threats

• Surveillance and monitoring of potential informants and spies
• Inquiry into intelligence breaches, particularly those linked to nuclear and missile installations
• Oversight of dissident movements within military and governmental frameworks

2. Regional Intelligence Operations

• Tracking military advancements in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Afghanistan
• Collaborating with the intelligence operations of the IRGC Quds Force in the Middle East
• Gathering information regarding U. S. military installations, Israeli defense operations, and military partnerships of Gulf Arab nations

3. Cyber Warfare and Psychological Operations

• Assisting cyber-intelligence and cyber-defense teams
• Supervising online counter-narrative and propaganda efforts
• Implementing data security measures for critical military systems

4. Military Threat Evaluations

• Evaluating the aerial attack capabilities of Israel and its missile defense mechanisms
• Examining regional coalitions like the Abraham Accords and cooperation between NATO and Gulf states
• Providing counsel on strategic deterrent policies and military response boundaries

Strategic Significance of His Role

Within Iran's command hierarchy, while most public interest centers on IRGC generals or political figures such as the president and foreign minister, individuals like General Mehrabi exert significant influence behind the scenes.
His significance arises from:

• Access to classified intel and strategic military operations
• Participation in developing covert strategies to address external threats
• Engagement in domestic vetting and surveillance to uphold regime security
• Advising on nuclear safety, particularly in safeguarding scientists and facilities from foreign intelligence

He is viewed as a pivotal link in Iran’s “security triangle,” which consists of:

1. AFGS Intelligence Command
2. Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS)
3. IRGC Intelligence Organization

This collaboration among agencies provides Mehrabi with exceptional insight into both internal and external risks, shaping Iran’s strategies in a region characterized by volatility.

Limited Public Presence and Media Engagement

True to the customs of high-ranking intelligence officials, General Mehrabi seldom features in media outlets. His remarks, if they occur, are often disseminated via anonymous or indirect channels in semi-official news organizations like Fars News, Tasnim, or Mehr News. This absence from media signifies:

• The confidential aspect of his responsibilities
• His adherence to operational secrecy
• The strategic benefit of maintaining anonymity within intelligence leadership

Nonetheless, analysts who focus on Iran’s security infrastructure recognize his role and potential involvement in defensive intelligence operations, particularly following the assassination of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh (Iran's leading nuclear scientist) and assaults on military installations, necessitating significant intelligence restructuring.

Possible Engagement in National Security Issues

Given his position, Mehrabi might have played a crucial role in the intelligence initiatives responding to:

• The U. S. exit from the JCPOA (2018) and heightened regional monitoring
• The Stuxnet cyber offensive targeting Iran’s nuclear endeavors
• The assassinations of IRGC and defense officials
• The safeguarding of nuclear facilities at Natanz, Fordow, and Arak

While specifics remain under wraps, his efforts in enhancing Iran’s intelligence defenses and internal management have been recognized by regional experts.

Abdolrahim Mousavi – Commander of the Iranian Army and Advocate of Military Self-Reliance | Biography

“Explore the life and leadership of Major General Abdolrahim Mousavi, Commander-in-Chief of Iran’s Army. Learn about his military career, defense policies, and modernization efforts.”

Introduction

Major General Seyyed Abdolrahim Mousavi serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Army (Artesh), ranking among the most prominent and impactful military figures within the Islamic Republic of Iran. Renowned for his methodical approach to leadership and his unwavering allegiance to the Supreme Leader, Mousavi plays a crucial role in shaping Iran’s conventional military capabilities, overseeing the Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, and Air Defense Command.
In contrast to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which operates on ideological grounds and commands its own units, the Artesh, under Mousavi’s leadership, functions as the regular standing military, tasked with safeguarding Iran’s borders, ensuring internal stability, and preventing external threats through traditional warfare tactics.

Early Life and Military Background

Born in 1960 in Isfahan, a city rich in cultural heritage in central Iran, Abdolrahim Mousavi enlisted in the Iranian military (Artesh) prior to the 1979 Islamic Revolution and continued his service after. He swiftly advanced through ranks due to his skilled performance, professionalism, and dedication to the military overhaul following the revolution.
Throughout the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), Mousavi held various command roles within the Iranian Army. This intense eight-year conflict significantly influenced the military philosophy of many Iranian leaders, including Mousavi, instilling a profound commitment to national defense, self-sufficiency, and asymmetric combat strategies.

Career Highlights and Appointments

Prior to his appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the Artesh, Mousavi held several esteemed positions, including:

• Deputy Chief of Staff of the Iranian Army
• Leader of the Khatam al-Anbiya Air Defense Base
• Senior Military Advisor to the Supreme Leader

In August 2017, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei appointed him as the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Army, succeeding General Ataollah Salehi. This decision came amidst escalating regional conflicts and an increasing emphasis on modernizing Iran’s conventional military capacity.
Since assuming command, Mousavi has prioritized:

• Boosting the operational readiness of the Iranian Army
• Executing joint military drills
• Enhancing air defense and naval strengths
• Encouraging domestic arms production

Role of the Iranian Army (Artesh)

The Iranian Army (Artesh) is comprised of four key branches:

1. Ground Forces
2. Air Force
3. Navy
4. Air Defense Force

While the IRGC is responsible for asymmetric warfare, external influence, and ideological missions, the Artesh functions as Iran’s conventional military, playing an essential role in border defense, securing maritime interests in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, and addressing national emergencies like earthquakes and floods.
Mousavi has played a pivotal role in fostering better coordination among these branches and improving their operational effectiveness through extensive exercises, such as:

• Zolfaghar military drills
• Modafean-e Aseman (Defenders of the Sky) air defense exercises
• Naval operations in the Strait of Hormuz and northern Indian Ocean

Focus on Self-Reliance and Domestic Defense Industry

Abdolrahim Mousavi is a staunch proponent of military independence and has motivated Iranian defense industries to create homegrown technologies. Under his guidance, the Iranian Army has unveiled:

• Locally manufactured tanks (Karrar)
• Homegrown radar technology
• Air defense systems like “Bavar-373”
• Combat and reconnaissance drones
• Enhanced fighter aircraft and helicopters

These advancements demonstrate his dedication to diminishing reliance on imported military assets and strengthening Iran’s strategic independence in defense matters.
Public Statements and Military Doctrine
Mousavi frequently appears in Iranian state media delivering comments that highlight:

• Iran’s defensive strategy: He maintains that Iran does not desire conflict but will react firmly to any aggression.
• National sovereignty: He consistently insists that the Islamic Republic will refuse foreign interference or control.
• Unity of the Armed Forces: Even with the distinct structures of Iran’s military (Artesh and IRGC), Mousavi advocates for collaboration and joint operations, particularly in air defense and naval missions.

Some of his noteworthy statements include:

Our Armed Forces stand ready to address any threat at whatever scale.

Although our approach is defensive, our reaction to any assault will be forceful and disproportionate.

Relations with the IRGC

Despite the distinct roles and historical backgrounds of the Artesh and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Mousavi has fostered a cooperative rapport with IRGC leaders, particularly under Supreme Leader Khamenei’s guidance.
He has engaged in collaborative exercises, exchanged intelligence and defense tactics, and commended the IRGC’s accomplishments in missile and drone operations. This illustrates Iran’s approach to achieve strategic unity among its military branches, despite structural variations.

Modernization and Future Outlook

Under Mousavi’s guidance, Iran's Army has embarked on a multi-year initiative to:

• Upgrade its tank divisions and artillery units
• Enhance electronic warfare and cyber capabilities
• Broaden its naval footprint in the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden
• Prepare a new generation of officers and soldiers for hybrid warfare tactics

These initiatives aim to equip the Artesh for contemporary challenges, encompassing cyber warfare, regional proxy conflicts, and external interference.

Legacy and Influence

Major General Abdolrahim Mousavi is regarded as a cornerstone of Iran’s conventional military establishment. His significant contributions include:

• Upholding operational discipline and morale within the Iranian Army
• Promoting Iran’s doctrine of military self-sufficiency
• Encouraging unity between the Artesh and IRGC
• Strengthening Iran’s strategic stance in vital maritime regions

He is esteemed within Iranian military circles for his patriotic commitment, strategic acumen, and strong alignment with the Supreme Leader’s defense strategy.

Fereydoon Abbasi – Nuclear Scientist, Politician, and Survivor of Assassination | Biography

“Explore the life of Fereydoon Abbasi, Iranian nuclear physicist and former head of AEOI. Discover his scientific legacy, assassination attempt, and role in Iran's parliament.”

Introduction

Fereydoon Abbasi-Davani is a notable Iranian nuclear physicist and politician, closely linked to Iran's nuclear energy and defense initiatives. Renowned for his knowledge in nuclear engineering as well as his roles in academia and government, Abbasi has been instrumental in influencing Iran's contentious nuclear strategy.
As a member of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the former leader of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization (AEOI), Abbasi has consistently attracted global scrutiny concerning Iran's nuclear intentions. His scientific background, political power, and survival of an assassination attempt in 2010 have rendered him one of the most recognized individuals within Iran’s nuclear framework.

Early Life and Education

Born in 1958 in Abadan, located in the Khuzestan province of southwestern Iran, Fereydoon Abbasi-Davani embarked on a journey in physics and nuclear engineering, culminating in a PhD in nuclear physics from Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran.
He joined the faculty at Imam Hossein University, which has ties to the IRGC, and began making contributions to scientific investigations, particularly in nuclear technology, laser physics, and uranium enrichment.

Scientific and Military Ties

Abbasi is widely regarded as being linked to Iran's nuclear weapons initiatives, especially through his reported involvement with the undisclosed military dimensions of the nuclear program. He was purportedly engaged in:

• Laser isotope separation
• Design of nuclear warheads
• Military uses of nuclear energy

Due to his participation, Abbasi faced sanctions from the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the U. S. Treasury Department starting in 2007, accusing him of involvement in secretive nuclear endeavors with possible military implications.
He is also recognized for his connections to Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, a prominent Iranian nuclear scientist and suspected mastermind behind Iran's nuclear weapons research program, who was assassinated in 2020.

Assassination Attempt (2010)

On November 29, 2010, Fereydoon Abbasi narrowly avoided assassination in Tehran. The attack involved a magnetic explosive device placed on his vehicle by attackers riding motorcycles. His wife, who was present during the incident, sustained injuries as well. Another prominent scientist, Majid Shahriari, was killed in a similar assault on that same day.
Iran accused Israel's Mossad intelligence agency and various Western intelligence entities of orchestrating these attacks to undermine Iran's nuclear program by removing key scientists. The event gained international media coverage and underscored the persistent covert conflict surrounding Iran's nuclear aspirations.

Head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (2011–2013)

Shortly following the assassination attempt, Abbasi was appointed as the Head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) by then-President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in February 2011. His appointment occurred during a critical juncture when Iran was facing international sanctions as well as pressure to cease uranium enrichment.
Throughout his term:

• He oversaw Iran's ongoing uranium enrichment efforts, including the deployment of advanced centrifuges.
• He expanded operations at the nuclear facilities of Fordow and Natanz.
• He advocated for Iran's entitlement to peaceful nuclear energy as recognized under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

He rejected claims that Iran was aiming for nuclear arms, firmly asserting the non-military objective of the initiative.
Abbasi was also an outspoken critic of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), accusing it of partiality and divulging confidential information to adversaries of Iran.
In August 2013, he was succeeded by Ali Akbar Salehi after the election of President Hassan Rouhani, whose administration aimed to ease tensions with the West through nuclear negotiations, ultimately resulting in the JCPOA (Iran Nuclear Deal) in 2015.

Political Career and Parliamentary Role

Following his departure from the AEOI, Fereydoon Abbasi moved toward a more political position. In 2020, he was elected as a Member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament), representing Kazerun in Fars Province.
In parliament, he has continued to:

• Champion Iran’s nuclear autonomy
• Resist Western influence and interference
• Advocate for strategic deterrence via scientific progress
• Encourage the application of nuclear technology in agriculture, healthcare, and energy

He has also defended Iran’s missile and drone programs publicly and conveyed support for military self-sufficiency and technological independence from the West.

Ideological Views and Public Statements

Fereydoon Abbasi holds strong ideological beliefs, merging religious-nationalist principles with scientific nationalism. He frequently refers to Iran’s nuclear program as an emblem of resistance and autonomy. Some of his fundamental beliefs include:

• Scientific advancement is a responsibility of the Islamic Republic.
• The martyrdom of scientists is a source of pride and a national sacrifice.
• Iran possesses the right to self-defense through strategic deterrence.

The West manipulates science as a means of domination, striving to keep developing nations subordinate.
He asserts that Iran’s advancements in nuclear and defense technology are not merely matters of national security but also a grand civilizational endeavor, highlighting the Islamic and Persian scientific legacy.

Legacy and International Impact

Fereydoon Abbasi’s legacy is intricately connected to Iran’s pursuit of nuclear capability and its opposition to Western powers. He remains one of the most notable figures in Iranian nuclear history for:

• Surviving a targeted assassination attempt
• Leading Iran’s nuclear agency during significant sanctions
• Integrating military, scientific, and political spheres
• Influencing Iran’s narrative of nuclear resistance

Despite his controversial standing, his life represents Iran’s larger story of defiance and technological resilience amid international seclusion.

Amir Ali Hajizadeh – Iran’s Aerospace Commander and Missile Architect | Biography

“Discover the life and career of Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh, Iran’s Aerospace Force commander and mastermind behind its missile and drone programs.”

Introduction

Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh stands out as a pivotal figure in Iran's military establishment, especially recognized for his contributions to the development of the Islamic Republic’s aerospace and missile capabilities. Since taking command of the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in 2009, he has directed the swift growth and technological advancement of Iran’s ballistic missile initiatives, drone innovation, and satellite programs.
Hajizadeh is often regarded as the principal architect behind Iran's long-range deterrence strategy, which leverages missile strength, drone operations, and anti-air systems to confront threats from the United States, Israel, and neighboring adversaries. His influence has not only established Iran as a formidable missile force in the region but has also attracted international scrutiny, sanctions, and widespread attention.

Early Life and Military Background

Born in 1962 in Tehran, Amir Ali Hajizadeh enlisted in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) shortly following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Similar to many high-ranking IRGC officers, Hajizadeh built his reputation during the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), a harrowing conflict that significantly shaped the IRGC’s leadership perspective and highlighted the necessity of independent military innovation.
Hajizadeh is recognized for his unwavering ideological support of Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and he is an outspoken advocate for the “Resistance Axis,” which encompasses Iran’s regional alliances with groups such as Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthis.

Commander of the IRGC Aerospace Force

In October 2009, Amir Ali Hajizadeh assumed the role of Commander of the IRGC Aerospace Force, succeeding General Hussein Salami, who later became the IRGC Commander-in-Chief. The IRGC Aerospace Force oversees missile advancement, air defense strategies, and space initiatives within the broader military apparatus of the Islamic Republic.
Under Hajizadeh's direction, Iran has achieved notable progress in various areas, including:

• Development of ballistic and cruise missiles
• Advancements in drone warfare and UAV technologies
• Satellite launches and aeronautical research
• Creation of integrated air defense mechanisms

Iran’s Missile Program and Deterrence Doctrine

Hajizadeh is recognized globally for his role in formulating and advocating Iran’s missile deterrence approach. Since his leadership began, Iran’s ballistic missile capabilities have expanded in volume, precision, and distance. Among the significant missile systems introduced or enhanced during his tenure are:

• Shahab Series (medium-range ballistic missiles)
• Sejjil Missile (solid-fuel MRBM)
• Fateh-110 (tactical precision missiles)
• Khaybar Shekan (long-range smart missiles)
• Zolfaghar and Dezful Missiles

Iranian missiles are designed to dissuade foreign threats, particularly those from U. S. bases in the Persian Gulf and Israeli installations. Hajizadeh has consistently asserted that these weaponry could strike U. S. forces stationed in Iraq, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and even Israel, in retaliation for any aggressive actions.
He is also instrumental in the establishment of Iran’s missile silos, subterranean facilities, and mobile launch platforms, which enhance operational survivability and allow for quick responses in wartime scenarios.

Drone Program and Technological Innovation

Another critical focus of Hajizadeh's leadership is the growth of Iran's drone capabilities. Iranian drones are now widely deployed for intelligence gathering, reconnaissance missions, and precise attacks. Key drone models developed under his supervision include:

• Shahed-129
• Shahed-136 (kamikaze drone)
• Mohajer-6
• Fotros

These unmanned aerial vehicles have been deployed in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and have even been provided to Russia amidst the conflict in Ukraine, as reported by Western intelligence. The international distribution and active deployment of these drones have significantly enhanced Iran’s military stature, positioning Hajizadeh as a pivotal figure in the global discourse surrounding drone combat.

Space and Satellite Programs

Under Hajizadeh’s guidance, the IRGC has made strides in the arena of military satellite launches. In 2020, Iran achieved a milestone by launching its inaugural military satellite, Noor-1, followed by Noor-2 in 2022. These milestones signified a transformative stage in Iran’s military space endeavors, with Hajizadeh asserting that subsequent satellites would bolster Iran’s intelligence, surveillance, and targeting capabilities.
He has asserted that advancements in space technology are not merely matters of national pride but are essential for security, sovereignty, and enduring deterrence.

Major Controversies: Ukrainian Plane Incident

Despite his notable technical and strategic accomplishments, Amir Ali Hajizadeh has been associated with a harrowing military event in recent Iranian history. On January 8, 2020, shortly following the assassination of Qassem Soleimani, the IRGC mistakenly shot down Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 in the vicinity of Tehran, resulting in the loss of all 176 lives aboard.
Hajizadeh took public accountability for the error, explaining that the missile system operator confused the civilian flight with a cruise missile. Although such a concession is uncommon among high-ranking IRGC officials, the incident provoked national protests and international indignation.

Sanctions and Global Impact

Due to his involvement in the advancement of ballistic missiles, drone dissemination, and military activities in the region, Hajizadeh has faced sanctions from the United States, the European Union, and other Western nations. These sanctions specifically target his participation in:

• Supporting designated terrorist groups (according to U. S. classifications)
• Flouting UN directives regarding missile development
• Supplying drones to conflict zones and foreign entities

Nonetheless, Hajizadeh remains a significant military leader within Iran, with his influence broadening through new defense initiatives and partnerships.

Statements and Ideological Messaging

General Hajizadeh is recognized for his nationalistic and anti-Western discourse. He frequently appears in IRGC-affiliated media, showcasing Iran’s military technological advancements and vowing severe repercussions for any external aggression. Some of his notable quotes include:

• “Any assault on Iran will be met with missiles aimed at U. S. bases throughout the region. ”
• “Israel is within the range of our precise munitions, and we are ready. ”
• “The downing of the U. S. drone (RQ-4 Global Hawk) in 2019 showcased our capabilities. ”

These declarations aim to project assertiveness and discourage adversaries, resonating with both domestic populations and international rivals.

Legacy and Strategic Importance

Amir Ali Hajizadeh has profoundly influenced Iran’s military doctrine, particularly in the domains of:

• Missile deterrence strategy
• Evolution of drone warfare
• Militarization of space and aerospace
• Projection of regional power

He is regarded as the “father of Iran’s contemporary missile initiative” and continues to reshape Iran’s defense strategy in one of the globe's most unstable regions.

Gholamali Rashid – Iran’s Strategic Military Mind and Regional Security Architect | Biography

“Learn about Gholamali Rashid, commander of Iran’s Khatam al-Anbiya HQ, and his role in shaping Iranian military and regional strategy.”

Introduction

Major General Gholamali Rashid is a prominent and powerful individual in Iran’s military and strategic planning framework. As the leader of the Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters, he plays an essential role in orchestrating Iran’s comprehensive defense approach. His career is deeply embedded in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), where he is recognized as a principal architect of Iran’s contemporary defense and security principles, particularly concerning asymmetric warfare, regional military partnerships, and strategic deterrence.
Although he is not as publicly recognized as other Iranian generals, such as Hossein Salami or the late Qassem Soleimani, Rashid’s behind-the-scenes influence is crucial to the Islamic Republic’s military decision-making. He maintains a close relationship with Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and is an influential member of Iran’s national security and war councils.

Early Life and Military Background

Gholamali Rashid was born in 1953 in Dezful, located in Iran’s Khuzestan Province. Rising from modest origins, he has become a fundamental component of Iran's military framework. He enlisted in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) shortly after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, driven by the ideological zeal and revolutionary spirit of that era.
Rashid’s military journey solidified during the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), one of the most brutal and significant conflicts in the Islamic Republic's history. He held critical operational and command positions, developing strategic expertise and a reputation as a pragmatic and methodical military strategist. His involvement in planning wartime operations established him as a leading thinker within the IRGC.

Strategic Roles and Leadership Positions

Throughout his career, Rashid advanced through the ranks of the IRGC, taking on significant leadership roles, such as:

• Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces
• Member of the Supreme National Defense Council
• Commander of the Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters (since 2001)

The Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters is one of Iran’s key military organizations, responsible for coordinating joint military initiatives, formulating defense strategies, and managing war preparations. In this capacity, Rashid is directly accountable for crafting Iran’s reactions to potential foreign military threats, particularly from Israel, the United States, and Gulf allies.

Military Doctrine and Strategic Thinking

General Rashid is a staunch proponent of asymmetric warfare, a fundamental aspect of Iran’s military doctrine. This strategy enables Iran to offset its conventional military deficiencies by employing unconventional tactics such as:

• Missile assaults
• Proxy militias
• Cyber warfare
• Drone combat
• Guerrilla tactics

Rashid has highlighted the significance of deterrence through credible threats, particularly by advancing ballistic missile capabilities and fostering regional alliances with non-state entities. He advocates for the strategic utilization of Iran-supported proxy groups, including Hezbollah, Kataib Hezbollah, Hashd al-Shaabi (PMF), and the Houthis, who act as Iran’s frontline representatives in the Levant and Gulf area.

Public Statements and Ideological Stance

While not as outspoken as some of his peers, Gholamali Rashid occasionally makes declarations that emphasize his hardline and anti-Western position. Specifically, he has cautioned both the United States and Israel that any military aggression toward Iran would be met with "destructive retaliation," affecting not just Iranian soil but also extending to the region through Iran’s allied forces.
He has also consistently reiterated the importance of "Velayat-e Faqih" (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), stressing that all military initiatives within Iran must align with the perspectives of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei. Rashid perceives military strength as closely linked to ideological dedication and national identity.

Relationship with Other Iranian Commanders

Gholamali Rashid has collaborated closely with several key Iranian military figures, such as:

• Qassem Soleimani, the late commander of the Quds Force
• Mohammad Bagheri, the Chief of Staff of Iran’s Armed Forces
• Hossein Salami, the current Commander-in-Chief of the IRGC

Collectively, they have influenced what analysts denote as Iran’s strategic depth—a concept that incorporates regional alliances, geographic positioning, and ideological cohesion to extend Iranian influence from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean.

Regional Influence and Military Strategy

Rashid has had a crucial role in overseeing Iran’s military presence in the region, particularly in:

• Syria, where Iranian personnel and advisors bolster the Assad regime
• Iraq, where Iran supports militias allied with the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF)
• Yemen, where Iran backs the Houthi insurgents against the Saudi-led alliance
• Lebanon, through ongoing support for Hezbollah

He believes that securing strategic regions in neighboring countries is vital for Iran's defensive depth and proactive defense strategy. Under his strategic guidance, Iran has embraced a multi-faceted defense model, employing long-range missiles, radar technology, and proxy forces to dissuade any attempts at regime change or military intrusion.

Global Perception and Sanctions

As a result of his role in Iran’s military endeavors and strategic policies, Gholamali Rashid has faced sanctions from several Western nations, notably the United States and the European Union. These sanctions accuse him of endorsing terrorism, committing human rights violations, and participating in destabilizing activities in the region.
Despite facing international scrutiny, Rashid is hailed within Iran as a devoted patriot of the Islamic Republic. He is revered in military circles as a forward-thinking strategist whose contributions and foresight have secured the sustainability and growth of Iran’s influence amid a more hostile geopolitical landscape.

Legacy and Importance

General Gholamali Rashid's relevance in Iran's military framework can be attributed to:

• His long-range strategic vision
• His impact on post-Iran-Iraq war military theory
• His pivotal involvement in the coordination of regional proxy relationships
• His dedication to an ideologically motivated national defense

Although he tends to stay out of the public eye compared to more media-friendly commanders, his behind-the-scenes impact on Iran’s defense structure is significant and lasting.