The Dresden Codex | & How to Read it before it is too late | PDF Free Download

The Dresden Codex stands as one of the most significant extant manuscripts from the ancient Maya civilization. This pre-Columbian Maya codex, believed to date back to the 11th or 12th century, may also represent a copy of an earlier work. It is one of only four known Maya codices that have survived the Spanish conquest and the subsequent eradication of Maya texts by colonial powers. The codex derives its name from Dresden, Germany, where it has been preserved in the Saxon State and University Library since the 18th century.

Content and Importance:

The Dresden Codex is a beautifully illustrated manuscript crafted from amate paper, arranged in an accordion style and coated with lime paste. It comprises 74 pages filled with hieroglyphic text and elaborate illustrations, focusing primarily on astronomical, calendrical, and ritualistic themes. Notable subjects include:

• Astronomical tables: Comprehensive calculations regarding the movements of Venus, Mars, and the Moon, along with predictions of eclipses.
• Rituals and ceremonies: Accounts of ceremonies associated with the Maya calendar and agricultural cycles.
• Divination and prophecy: Almanacs utilized for forecasting favorable and unfavorable days.

This codex serves as an essential resource for comprehending Maya cosmology, mathematics, and their advanced calendrical systems, including the Long Count calendar.

Approaching the Reading of the Dresden Codex:

Interpreting the Dresden Codex necessitates specialized knowledge of Maya hieroglyphic writing, calendrical systems, and astronomy. Here are some steps to guide your study:

Familiarize Yourself with Maya Glyphs:

Engage with the Maya writing system, which consists of logograms (symbols that represent entire words) and syllabic signs.
Books such as "Reading the Maya Glyphs" by Michael D. Coe and Mark Van Stone provide excellent foundational knowledge.

Comprehend the Maya Calendar:

Acquaint yourself with the calendrical systems of the Maya, which include the Tzolk’in (a 260-day ritual calendar), the Haab’ (a 365-day solar calendar), and the Long Count.
Examine the interactions between these calendars and their applications in the codex for astronomical forecasting and ceremonial practices.

Investigate Maya Astronomy:

The Dresden Codex features comprehensive astronomical tables, especially concerning Venus and lunar cycles. Grasping Maya astronomical principles is essential for interpreting these sections effectively.

Utilize Academic Resources:

The Dresden Codex has undergone extensive scholarly examination and translation. Notable works include:
"The Dresden Codex: A Maya Hieroglyphic Book" authored by J. Eric S. Thompson.
Contemporary digitized editions and commentaries can be accessed through various academic institutions and libraries.

Engage with Experts:

Participate in academic discussions, attend conferences, or collaborate with scholars who specialize in Maya studies to enhance your comprehension.

The Importance of Timeliness:

The Dresden Codex, akin to numerous ancient texts, is delicate and vulnerable to degradation over time. Although it is presently housed in a controlled environment, the long-term preservation of such artifacts is uncertain. By engaging in its study now, you aid in safeguarding its knowledge and ensuring that the insights into Maya civilization endure.

Concluding Remark:

The Dresden Codex serves as a portal into the intellectual and spiritual realms of the ancient Maya. While its study presents challenges, it is also immensely rewarding, providing unique insights into one of the most sophisticated civilizations of the ancient Americas.
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The Dresden Codex
Maya Glyphs Book I – Names, Places, & Simple Sentences
Maya Glyphs Book II – Maya Numbers & The Maya Calendar
Mayan Calendar Explained – by Bruce Scofield
The Astronomical Insignificance of Maya Date 13

The Harvard Oriental Series | 01-39 Volumes | PDF Free Download

The Harvard Oriental Series is a prestigious compilation of academic publications focused on the exploration of Asian languages, literatures, and cultures. Founded in 1891 by Charles Rockwell Lanman, who served as a professor of Sanskrit at Harvard University, the series seeks to offer critical editions, translations, and scholarly analyses of important texts from diverse Asian traditions, encompassing Indian, Tibetan, Southeast Asian, and East Asian cultures.
This series encompasses a broad spectrum of fields, including philology, history, religion, philosophy, and literature. It has featured significant works on classical texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Buddhist scriptures, and other essential literary and religious documents. The Harvard Oriental Series is esteemed within the academic community for its rigorous scholarship and its substantial contributions to the comprehension of Asian civilizations.
Published by the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies at Harvard University, the series remains an indispensable resource for scholars and students engaged in Asian studies across the globe.

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1 The Jataka-Mala
2 Samkhya-Pravacana-Bhasya
3 Buddhism in Translations
4 Rajasekhara’s Karpuramanjari
5 The Brhad-devata attributed to Saunaka Part 1
6 The Brhad-devata attributed to Saunaka Part 2
7 Atharva Veda Samhita Part 1
8 Atharva Veda Samhita Part 2
9 Mrcchakatika by Shudraka
12 The Panchatantra of Purnabhadra Part 2
13 The Panchatantra of Purnabhadra Part 3
14 The Panchatantra of Purnabhadra Part 4
15 Kiratarjuniya of Bharavi
17 The Yoga-System of Patanjali
18 The Veda of the Black Yajus School Part 1
20 Rig-Veda Repetitions
21 Rama’s Later History or Uttara-Rama-Charita by Bhavabhuti
24 Rig-Veda Repetitions, Parts 2 and 3
25 Rigveda Brahmanas
26 Vikrama’s Adventures Part 1
27 Vikrama’s Adventures Part 2
29 Buddhist Legends Part 2
31 The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads Part 1
37 Buddha’s Teachings
38-39 The Bhagavad Gita

The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa | Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy | All Volumes in 12 PDF files | PDF Free Download

The Mahabharata, credited to the sage Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, also known as Veda Vyasa, stands as one of the two principal Sanskrit epics of ancient India, alongside the Ramayana. It ranks among the longest literary compositions globally, comprising over 100,000 shlokas (verses) organized into 18 parvas (books). More than merely an epic, the Mahabharata serves as a profound text that addresses themes of philosophy, ethics, politics, and spirituality, often referred to as an "encyclopedia of life."

Key Information Regarding the Mahabharata:

Author:

Traditionally, the Mahabharata is ascribed to Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, who is also depicted as a character within the narrative. He is believed to have authored the Mahabharata and categorized the Vedas, which has led to his designation as Veda Vyasa (the compiler of the Vedas).
According to tradition, Vyasa recited the epic to Lord Ganesha, who transcribed it.

Structure:

The Mahabharata is segmented into 18 parvas (books), each addressing distinct events and themes. Notable parvas include:

• Adi Parva: The introductory section of the epic, presenting the principal characters and the historical context of the Kuru dynasty.
• Bhishma Parva: Contains the Bhagavad Gita, a revered dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna.
• Vana Parva: Chronicles the Pandavas' exile and their experiences in the forest.
• Udyoga Parva: Details the preparations for the monumental war of Kurukshetra.
• Karna Parva: Centers on the poignant figure of Karna.
• Shanti Parva and Anushasana Parva: Engage in philosophical discussions regarding duty, governance, and ethics.

Main Characters:

• The Pandavas: The five siblings—Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva—who serve as the central figures in the epic narrative.
• The Kauravas: The hundred offspring of Dhritarashtra, spearheaded by Duryodhana, who act as the primary adversaries.
• Krishna: The eighth incarnation of Vishnu, who fulfills the role of charioteer and spiritual mentor to Arjuna.
• Bhishma: The granduncle to both the Pandavas and Kauravas, renowned for his vow of celibacy and unwavering loyalty.
• Karna: The tragic figure, born to Kunti prior to her marriage, who aligns himself with the Kauravas in battle.
• Draupadi: The spouse of the Pandavas, celebrated for her fortitude and determination.

Central Theme:

The Mahabharata centers on the concept of dharma (duty and righteousness) and the monumental conflict of Kurukshetra between the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
It delves into intricate moral quandaries, the repercussions of actions, and the essence of justice.
Philosophical Significance:
The Bhagavad Gita, a segment of the Mahabharata, stands as one of the most significant spiritual scriptures in Hinduism. It discusses the principles of dharma, karma, and moksha (liberation).
The epic further encompasses discussions on governance (Rajadharma), ethical conduct, and the responsibilities of individuals in various roles.

Cultural and Religious Impact:

The Mahabharata has exerted a substantial influence on Indian culture, literature, and artistic expression. It has been reinterpreted in numerous regional languages and adapted into theatrical performances, films, and television productions.
The characters and narratives of the Mahabharata continue to fuel moral and philosophical discourse.

Summary of the Story:

The Mahabharata recounts the saga of the Kuru dynasty, focusing on the rivalry between the Pandavas and the Kauravas for the throne of Hastinapura. Despite their virtuous nature, the Pandavas are forced into a 13-year exile as a result of a treacherous game of dice. Upon their return, they are unjustly denied their rightful portion of the kingdom, which ignites the monumental war of Kurukshetra. Under the guidance of Lord Krishna, the Pandavas achieve victory; however, the conflict results in significant devastation and loss. The epic concludes with the Pandavas' ascension to heaven, prompting reflections on the essence of life, duty, and moral righteousness.

Key Teachings from the Mahabharata:

Dharma (Righteousness): The significance of fulfilling one's responsibilities, even amidst adversity.
Karma (Action): Every action carries repercussions, necessitating mindful and responsible behavior.
Detachment: The Bhagavad Gita highlights the importance of performing one's duties without attachment to the outcomes.
Unity and Division: The narrative examines the repercussions of greed, envy, and discord within families and communities.
Moral Complexity: The Mahabharata presents characters and scenarios that complicate simplistic views of morality.

Legacy:

The Mahabharata transcends mere storytelling, serving as a profound guide to life that imparts enduring insights on ethics, governance, and spirituality. It has inspired numerous adaptations, including the works of Bhasa, Bharavi's Kiratarjuniya, and contemporary interpretations such as C. Rajagopalachari's Mahabharata and B.R. Chopra's television series.

Click to Download all Volumes in PDF File
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume01
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume02
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume03
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume04
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume05
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume06
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume07
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume08
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume09
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume10
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume11
The Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa - Translation by Pratap Chandra Roy - Volume12

The Most Important Lessons | Cael The Shaman | 01-03 Volumes | PDF Free Download

Cael the Shaman serves as a spiritual mentor and guide, renowned for his insights on personal development, self-awareness, and fostering a connection with one's inner self and the natural environment. Although I do not possess specific lessons or materials directly linked to Cael the Shaman, I can outline a general concept of what may be regarded as the most significant initial lesson based on prevalent themes in shamanic and spiritual teachings.

The Most Significant Initial Lesson: Discovering Your Authentic Self

In numerous spiritual practices, including shamanism, the foremost and vital lesson is discovering your authentic self. This process entails recognizing your true essence, comprehending your purpose, and aligning with your inner wisdom. Below is an overview of this essential lesson:

Self-Reflection:

The journey commences with self-reflection. This involves observing your thoughts, feelings, and actions without judgment.
Consider the questions: Who am I beyond the societal roles I assume? What are my most profound aspirations and apprehensions?

Relationship with Nature:

Shamans highlight the significance of establishing a connection with nature as a means to rediscover your authentic self.
Engage with the natural world, observe its rhythms, and glean insights from its wisdom. Nature embodies the balance and harmony we strive to achieve within ourselves.

Releasing Ego:

The ego frequently obscures our understanding of reality. The initial lesson focuses on recognizing the ego's impact and learning to relinquish attachments to identity, status, and material wealth.
Cultivate humility and receptiveness to transcend the confines of the ego.

Heeding Your Inner Guidance:

Your inner guidance, or intuition, serves as your pathway to truth. Develop the ability to quiet the mind through meditation, mindfulness, or other practices to clearly perceive this guidance.
Rely on your intuition as a navigational tool for decision-making and life’s journey.

Embracing Unity:

Shamanic wisdom frequently highlights the profound interconnectedness of all existence. Acknowledge that you are an integral part of a greater whole, and understand that your actions create ripple effects throughout the environment.
Nurture compassion and empathy towards all living beings.

Confronting Your Inner Shadows:

The initial lesson also entails facing your "shadow self"—the aspects of your being that you may have suppressed or overlooked. This confrontation is vital for personal healing and development.
Accept your flaws and derive lessons from your experiences.

Living with Purpose:

Establish clear intentions for your life. What do you aspire to create, experience, or contribute? Intentions serve to align your actions with your higher purpose.

Practical Steps to Initiate Your Journey:

• Meditation: Begin a daily meditation practice to calm the mind and connect with your inner essence.
• Journaling: Document your thoughts, emotions, and insights to achieve clarity regarding your authentic self.
• Nature Engagement: Regularly immerse yourself in nature to ground your spirit and draw inspiration.
• Rituals: Develop simple rituals, such as lighting a candle or setting intentions, to honor your spiritual path.
• Seek Support: If feasible, collaborate with a mentor, teacher, or community to facilitate your growth.

Significance of This Lesson:

The first lesson in awakening to your true self serves as the cornerstone for all spiritual development. It empowers you to live authentically, make choices that resonate with your values, and contribute positively to the world. Without this awareness, other teachings and practices may lack substance or direction.

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The Most Important 1st Lesson - Cael The Shaman
The Most Important 2nd Lesson - Cael The Shaman
The Most Important 3rd Lesson - Cael The Shaman

The Ramayana | The story of King Rama 01-04 Volumes | PDF Free Download

The Ramayana stands as one of the two principal epics of ancient India, alongside the Mahabharata. It serves as a cornerstone of Hinduism and possesses profound cultural, religious, and literary importance throughout South and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, the epic is credited to the sage Valmiki and is composed in Sanskrit. The narrative centers on Lord Rama, an avatar of the Hindu deity Vishnu, and his endeavor to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.

Key Details About the Ramayana:

1. Author:

The Ramayana is conventionally ascribed to Maharishi Valmiki, who is celebrated as the Adi Kavi (the first poet) of Sanskrit literature.
Valmiki's version of the Ramayana is the most ancient and authoritative, although numerous regional adaptations exist, including Tulsidas's Ramcharitmanas in Hindi and Kamban's Ramavataram in Tamil.

2. Structure:

The Ramayana comprises 24,000 verses (shlokas) organized into 7 books (Kandas):

1. Balakanda: Chronicles the childhood and early years of Rama.
2. Ayodhyakanda: Details Rama's banishment to the forest.
3. Aranyakanda: Depicts life in the forest and Sita's abduction by Ravana.
4. Kishkindhakanda: Illustrates Rama's alliance with the monkey king Sugriva and Hanuman.
5. Sundarakanda: Follows Hanuman's journey to Lanka and his encounter with Sita.
6. Yuddhakanda: Describes the conflict between Rama and Ravana, culminating in Rama's triumph.
7. Uttarakanda: Narrates Rama's return to Ayodhya, his coronation, and subsequent events (often regarded as a later addition).

3. Main Characters:

• Rama: The prince of Ayodhya and the central figure of the epic, embodying dharma (righteousness) and serving as an avatar of Vishnu.
• Sita: Rama's wife, who is captured by Ravana, representing purity, devotion, and resilience.
• Lakshmana: The steadfast younger brother of Rama, who joins him during his period of exile.
• Hanuman: The revered monkey deity and Rama's most ardent follower, celebrated for his immense strength, intelligence, and unwavering loyalty.
• Ravana: The sovereign of Lanka and the central antagonist. Despite his shortcomings, he is a knowledgeable and formidable character.
• Dasharatha: The king of Ayodhya and father to Rama.
• Bharata: Rama's sibling, who governs Ayodhya during Rama's absence, embodying loyalty and righteousness.

Themes:

• Dharma (Righteousness): The Ramayana delves into the significance of adhering to one's duties and obligations.
• Loyalty and Devotion: The bonds among Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, and Hanuman illustrate profound loyalty and devotion.
• Good vs. Evil: The narrative depicts the victory of good (Rama) over evil (Ravana).
• Ideal Roles: The Ramayana showcases ideals of kingship (Rama), wifehood (Sita), brotherhood (Lakshmana), and devotion (Hanuman).

Cultural and Religious Significance:

• The Ramayana serves not only as a religious scripture but also as a cultural and ethical framework for millions.
• It has inspired numerous adaptations in literature, theater, dance, music, and visual arts throughout India and Southeast Asia.
• The tale of Rama is commemorated during the Diwali festival, which celebrates his return to Ayodhya following the defeat of Ravana.

Regional Versions:

The Ramayana has been adapted in various regional languages and cultures, each contributing its distinct interpretation:

• Ramcharitmanas by Tulsidas (Hindi).
• Kamban's Ramavataram (Tamil).
• Adhyatma Ramayana (Sanskrit, with a focus on spirituality).
• Southeast Asian adaptations include the Thai Ramakien, Indonesian Kakawin Ramayana, and Laotian Phra Lak Phra Lam.

Summary of the Story:

The Ramayana recounts the journey of Prince Rama, who is banished to the forest for 14 years due to a vow made by his father, King Dasharatha. During this period, Rama's wife, Sita, is kidnapped by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. With the assistance of his brother Lakshmana, the monkey deity Hanuman, and an army of monkeys and bears, Rama engages in battle against Ravana, rescues Sita, and returns to Ayodhya to reclaim his rightful throne. The epic culminates in Rama's coronation and his reign as an exemplary king.

Legacy and Influence:

The Ramayana has profoundly influenced the moral, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of Indian society for many generations. It remains a wellspring of inspiration for various forms of art, literature, and performance. The figures of Rama, Sita, Hanuman, and Ravana are firmly embedded in the collective awareness of Hindu culture.
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The Ramayana Volume01 | Bala Ayodhya Kanda
The Ramayana Volume02 | Aranya Kishkindha Sundara Kanda
The Ramayana Volume03 | Yuddha Kanda
The Ramayana Volume04 | Uttara Kanda

The Sacred Books of the East | all 50 Volumes | PDF Free Download

The Sacred Books of the East represents a monumental endeavor initiated by Max Müller and a number of contributors between 1879 and 1910. This collective effort was published by Oxford University Press, and many of the resulting translations remain the sole or most accurate versions available today. These translations constitute some of the most significant literary works compiled in a single collection throughout history. While it is not feasible to purchase the entire set of these volumes, both Google Books and Microsoft have made considerable efforts to digitize them from library archives, as they are now in the Public Domain. It is important to note that these volumes are substantial, with some files exceeding 50 MB and containing up to 3,000 pages. In total, The Sacred Books of the East encompass over one hundred thousand pages. The books are now in the Public Domain and can be accessed here for free download in their entirety.

"The Sacred Books of the East" is an extensive 50-volume collection of translations of Asian religious texts, overseen by Max Müller, a distinguished philologist and Orientalist originally from Germany. Released between 1879 and 1910, this series sought to render the sacred writings of Eastern religions accessible to Western readers. It encompasses translations from various traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Taoism, Confucianism, and others.

Key Features of The Sacred Books of the East:

1. Scope and Content:

This series encompasses a diverse array of religious and philosophical writings from Asia, featuring:

1. Hinduism: Translations of the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Laws of Manu, and Vedas.
2. Buddhism: Works such as the Dhammapada, Lotus Sutra, and Jataka Tales.
3. Jainism: Texts including the Kalpa Sutra and Akaranga Sutra.
4. Zoroastrianism: Translations of the Avesta, notably the Yasna and Vendidad.
5. Taoism: The Tao Te Ching and other significant Taoist writings.
6. Confucianism: The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety.
7. Islam: Selections from the Quran and Hadith.

2. Contributors:

• The translations were executed by prominent scholars of the era, including Max Müller, James Legge, E.B. Cowell, T.W. Rhys Davids, among others.
• Each volume is accompanied by comprehensive introductions, annotations, and commentaries to aid readers in grasping the context and importance of the texts.

3. Purpose:

• This series reflects the broader 19th-century fascination with comparative religion and philology.
• It aimed to cultivate a deeper appreciation of Eastern religions and philosophies among Western academics and the general populace.

4. Legacy:

The Sacred Books of the East continues to serve as a vital resource for the study of Asian religions and philosophies.
It significantly contributed to the introduction of Eastern thought to the Western audience and remains a reference point for scholars today

Noteworthy Volumes in the Series:

• Volume 1: The Upanishads (Translated by Max Müller)
• Volume 2: The Sacred Laws of the Aryas (Translated by Georg Bühler)
• Volume 10: The Dhammapada and Sutta-Nipata (Translated by Max Müller and V. Fausböll)
• Volume 16: The Yi King (I Ching) (Translated by James Legge)
• Volume 25: The Laws of Manu (Translated by Georg Bühler)
• Volume 39: The Tao Te Ching (Translated by James Legge)

Example of a Text from the Series:

Below is an excerpt from the Bhagavad Gita (Volume 8 of the series):
Original Sanskrit:
योगस्थ: कुरु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा धनञ्जय।
सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्यो: समो भूत्वा समत्वं योग उच्यते।।
English Translation:
"Carry out your duty with a balanced mind, O Arjuna, relinquishing all attachment to outcomes. This state of equanimity is referred to as yoga."

Conclusion:

The Sacred Books of the East serve as an essential resource for those interested in the religious and philosophical heritage of Asia. It offers a thorough and scholarly introduction to the sacred texts of the East, rendering them accessible to a worldwide audience.

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1. The Upanishads, Part 1 of 2. Chandogya Upanishad. Talavakara (Kena) Upanishad. Aitareya Upanishad. Kausitaki Upanishad. Vajasaneyi (Isa) Upanishad
2. The Sacred Laws of the Aryas, vol. 1 of 2. The sacred laws of the Aryas as taught in the school of Apastamba, Gautama, Vâsishtha, and Baudhâyana. pt. I. Apastamba and Gautama. (The Dharma Sutras)
3. The Sacred Books of China, vol. 1 of 6. Part I of The Texts of Confucianism. The Shû king (Classic of History). The religions portions of the Shih king (Classic of Poetry). The Hsiâo king (Xiao Jing)
4. The Zend-Avesta, vol. 1 of 3. The Vendîdâd
5. Pahlavi Texts, vol. 1 of 5. The Bundahis, Bahman Yast, and Shayast La-Shayast
6. The Qur’an, vol. 1 of 2
7. The Institutes of Visnu
8. The Bhagavadgita With the Sanatsugâtiya and the Anugitâ
9. The Qur’an, vol. 2 of 2
10. The Dhammapada and The Sutta-Nipâta, a collection of discourses; being one of the canonical books of the Buddhists, translated from Pāli; and The Dhammapada, a collection of verses, translated from Pāli
11. Buddhist Suttas. The Mahâ-parinibbâna Suttanta, The Dhamma-kakka-ppavattana Sutta, The Tevigga Sutta’anta, The Âkankheyya Sutta’a, The Ketokhila Sutta’a, The Mahâ-Sudassana Sutta’anta, The Sabbâsava Sutta’a
12. The Satapatha Brahmana according to the text of the Mâdhyandina school, vol. 1 of 5
13. Vinaya Texts, vol. 1 of 3. The Patimokkha. The Mahavagga, I-IV
14. The Sacred Laws of the Aryas, vol. 2 of 2. The sacred laws of the Aryas as taught in the school of Apastamba, Gautama, Vâsishtha, and Baudhâyana. pt. II. Vâsishtha and Baudhâyana
15. The Upanishads, part 2 of 2. Katha Upanishad. Mundaka Upanishad. Taittiriya Upanishad. Brhadaranyaka Upanishad. Svetasvatara Upanishad. Prasña Upanishad. Maitrayani Upanishad
16. The Sacred Books of China, vol. 2 of 6. Part II of The Texts of Confucianism. The Yi King: (I Ching)
17. Vinaya Texts, vol. 2 of 3. The Mahavagga, V-X, the Kullavagga I-II
18. Pahlavi Texts, vol. 2 of 5. The Dâdistân-î Dinik and the Epistles of Mânûskîhar
19. The Fo-sho-hing-tsan-king, a life of Buddha, by Ashvaghosha, Bodhisattva; translated from Sanskrit into Chinese by Dharmaraksha, A. D. 420
20. Vinaya Texts, vol. 3 of 3. The Kullavagga, IV-XII
21. The Saddharma-Pundarika or The Lotus of the True Law
22. Jaina Sûtras, vol. 1 of 2, translated from the Prâkrit. The Âkârânga sûtra. The Kalpa sutra
23. The Zend-Avesta, vol. 2 of 3. The Sîrôzahs, Yasts, and Nyâyis
24. Pahlavi Texts, vol. 3 of 5. Dinai Mainög-i khirad, Sikand-Gümanik Vigar, Sad Dar
25. The Laws of Manu. Translated, with extracts from seven commentaries
26. The Satapatha Brahmana according to the text of the Mâdhyandina school, vol. 2 of 5, Books III-IV,
27. The Sacred Books of China, vol. 3 of 6. Part III of the texts of Confucianism. The Lî Kî (Book of Rites), part 1 of 2
28. The Sacred Books of China, vol. 4 of 6. Part IV of the texts of Confucianism. The Lî Kî (Book of Rites), part 2 of 2
29. The Grihya-sutras; rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies. vol. 1 of 2. Sankhyayana-Grihya-sutra. Asvalayana-Grihya-sutra. Paraskara-Grihya-sutra. Khadia-Grihya-sutra
30. The Grihya-sutras; rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies. vol. 2 of 2. Gobhila, Hiranyakesin, Apastamba (Olderberg); Yajña Paribhashasutras (Müller)
31. The Zend-Avesta, vol. 3 of 3. The Yasna, Visparad, Afrînagân, Gâhs, and miscellaneous fragments
32. Vedic Hymns, vol. 1 of 2. Hymns to the Maruts, Rudra, Vâyu, and Vâta., with a bibliographical list of the more important publications on the Rig-veda
33. The Minor Law-Books: Brihaspati. (Part 1 of 1)
34. The Vedanta-Sutras, vol. 1 of 3. Commentary by Sankaracharya, part 1 of 2. Adhyâya I-II (Pâda I-II)
35. The Questions of King Milinda, vol. 1 of 2. Milindapañha
36. The Questions of King Milinda, vol. 2 of 2. Milindapañha
37. Pahlavi Texts, vol. 4 of 5. Contents of the Nasks
38. The Vedanta-Sutras, vol. 2 of 3, commentary by Sankaracharya, part 1 of 2. Adhyâya II (Pâda III-IV) -IV
39. The Texts of Taoism, Part 1 of 2. The Sacred Books of China, vol. 5 of 6. Also: The Tâo the king (Tao te Ching): The writings of Kwang-tze, books I-XVII
40. The Texts of Taoism, Part 2 of 2. Includes The Writings of Kwang Tse, books XVII-XXXIII, The Thâi-shang tractate of actions and their retributions, other Taoist texts, and the Index to vols. 39 and 40
41. The Satapatha Brahmana according to the text of the Mâdhyandina school, vol. 3 of 5. Books V, VI, VII
42. Hymns of the Atharvaveda, Together With Extracts From the Ritual Books and the Commentaries
43. The Satapatha Brahmana according to the text of the Mâdhyandina school, vol. 4 of 5, Books VII, IX, X
44. The Satapatha Brahmana according to the text of the Mâdhyandina school, vol. 5 of 5, Books XI, XII, XIII, XIV
45. Jaina Sûtras, vol. 2 of 2, translated from Prâkrit. The Uttarâdhyayana Sûtra, The Sûtrakritânga Sûtra
46. Vedic Hymns, vol. 2 of 2. Hymns to Agni (Mandalas I-V)
47. Pahlavi Texts, vol. 5 of 5. Marvels of Zoroastrianism
48. The Vedanta-Sutras, vol. 3 of 3, with the commentary of Râmânuja
49. Buddhist Mahâyâna Texts. Part 1. The Buddha-karita of Asvaghosha, translated from the Sanskrit by E. B. Cowell. Part 2. The larger Sukhâvatî-vyûha, the smaller Sukhâvatî-vyûha, the Vagrakkedikâ, the larger Pragñâ-pâramitâ-hridaya-sûtra, the smaller Pragñâ-pâramitâ-hridaya-sûtra, translated by F. Max Müller. The Amitâyur dhyâna-sûtra, translated by J. Takakusu
50. General index to the names and subject-matter of the sacred books of the East

Bhagavad Gita | Three Modern Translations | 01-04 Volumes | PDF Free Download

The Bhagavad Gita, commonly known as the Gita, is regarded as one of the most esteemed and impactful spiritual texts globally. This 700-verse scripture is a part of the Indian epic Mahabharata, specifically found in Book 6, chapters 23 to 40. Composed in Sanskrit, the Gita serves as a fundamental text in Hindu philosophy and spirituality, while also being acknowledged beyond Hinduism for its universal insights on existence, duty, and the quest for truth.

Overview of the Bhagavad Gita:

Context and Setting:

The narrative unfolds on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, just prior to the commencement of a significant conflict between two branches of a royal lineage: the Pandavas and the Kauravas. The central character, Prince Arjuna, a warrior prince, grapples with uncertainty and ethical dilemmas regarding his participation in the battle. In his moment of crisis, he seeks counsel from his charioteer, Lord Krishna.

Structure:

The Gita is structured as a dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna, comprising 18 chapters and 700 verses. It is organized into three principal sections, each highlighting a distinct approach to spiritual enlightenment:

• Karma Yoga: The path of selfless action.
• Jnana Yoga: The path of knowledge and wisdom.
• Bhakti Yoga: The path of devotion and love towards God.

Key Themes:

Dharma (Duty): The Gita underscores the significance of performing one's duty without attachment to the outcomes.
Selfless Action (Karma Yoga): Engaging in actions devoid of selfish motives or concern for results.
Knowledge and Wisdom (Jnana Yoga): Gaining insight into the true essence of reality and the self.
Devotion (Bhakti Yoga): Surrendering to God with love and commitment.
Liberation (Moksha): Attaining freedom from the cycle of birth and death (samsara) through self-realization.

The Teachings of the Bhagavad Gita:

The Nature of the Self:

The Gita imparts that the true self (atman) is eternal and imperishable, separate from the physical body and mind. It highlights the necessity of self-realization and comprehending one's authentic nature.

The Paths to Liberation:

The Bhagavad Gita outlines various avenues to attain spiritual liberation, acknowledging that individuals possess diverse temperaments and preferences:

• Karma Yoga: Engaging in one's responsibilities selflessly, without attachment to the outcomes.
• Jnana Yoga: Seeking knowledge and wisdom to comprehend the true essence of reality.
• Bhakti Yoga: Nurturing devotion and love for the divine as the supreme path.

The Importance of Detachment:

• The Gita instructs that one should carry out their duties without attachment to success or failure, joy or sorrow.
• This sense of detachment fosters inner tranquility and balance.

The Role of Krishna:

• Krishna, recognized as an incarnation of the divine (avatar), acts as both a mentor and a representation of the ultimate reality (Brahman).
• His teachings in the Gita are regarded as a direct expression of divine wisdom.

The Unity of All Existence:

The Gita highlights the interrelatedness of all beings and the oneness of the individual soul (atman) with the universal soul (Brahman).

The Significance of the Bhagavad Gita:

Universal Wisdom:
The teachings of the Gita transcend religious and cultural divides, providing insights into the human experience and the quest for a meaningful existence.
Practical Guidance:
The Gita offers pragmatic advice on leading a balanced and purposeful life, emphasizing duty, selflessness, and devotion.
Spiritual Depth:
The text explores profound philosophical inquiries regarding the nature of reality, the self, and the divine.
Influence on Thought Leaders:
The Gita has inspired numerous thinkers, leaders, and artists, including Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Carl Jung.

Key Verses from the Bhagavad Gita:

Chapter 2, Verse 47:

"You possess the right to engage in action, but not to the outcomes of those actions. Let not the results of your efforts be your driving force, nor allow the allure of inaction to restrain you."
Chapter 6, Verse 5:
"One should uplift oneself through one's own intellect, rather than bring oneself down. The mind serves as both a companion and an adversary to the conditioned soul."
Chapter 9, Verse 22:
"To those who are unwaveringly devoted and worship Me with affection, I bestow the wisdom that leads them to Me."

How to Approach the Bhagavad Gita:

Read with an Open Mind:
The teachings of the Gita are deep and intricate. Engage with the text with an inquisitive spirit and a readiness to contemplate its lessons.
Reflect on the Themes:
Ponder how the Gita's insights on duty, altruism, and devotion resonate with your personal experiences.
Study Commentaries:
Numerous translations come with commentaries from scholars and spiritual leaders, offering enriched perspectives on the text.
Apply the Teachings:
The Gita transcends theoretical discourse; it is intended for practical application. Strive to integrate its principles into your everyday existence.

Final Thoughts:

The Bhagavad Gita stands as an enduring spiritual masterpiece that imparts significant wisdom for addressing life's challenges. Whether you seek direction on duty, self-discovery, or devotion, the Gita serves as a guide for leading a meaningful and satisfying life. Its universal teachings continue to motivate and elevate individuals globally, solidifying its status as one of the most revered texts in human history.

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Bhagavad Gita - Sri Swami Sivananda
Bhagavad Gita - Translation Shri Purohit Swami
Bhagavad Gita and Commentaries - Vladimir Antonov
Bhagavad Gita Complete - Mataji Parama Karuna Devi Version 2016

Echoes From the Gnosis | The Gnosis of the Mind | All Volumes | PDF Free Download

The "Echoes from the Gnosis" series comprises a collection of writings by G.R.S. Mead (1866–1933), a distinguished scholar in the fields of esotericism, Gnosticism, and early Christianity. Mead was an extensive writer and translator who devoted a significant portion of his life to the study and interpretation of ancient mystical and religious texts. The series seeks to render the wisdom of the Gnostic tradition more accessible to a wider audience, providing insights into the spiritual and philosophical teachings inherent in Gnosticism.

What is "Echoes from the Gnosis"?

Purpose: This series serves as an introductory exploration of Gnostic thought, delving into its themes, symbols, and historical background. Mead aimed to rekindle interest in Gnosticism and underscore its significance for contemporary spiritual seekers.
Content: Each volume within the series concentrates on a particular facet of Gnosticism, such as its cosmology, mythology, or essential texts. Mead utilizes a diverse array of sources, including the Nag Hammadi Library, early Christian writings, and Hermetic texts.

Style: Mead's writing is characterized by a scholarly yet approachable tone, merging historical analysis with spiritual interpretation. He frequently includes translations of ancient texts accompanied by his commentary.

The Gnosis of the Mind:

"The Gnosis of the Mind" is one of the volumes featured in the Echoes from the Gnosis series. It examines the Gnostic perspective on the mind (nous) as a pivotal concept in the journey toward spiritual awakening and enlightenment.

Key Themes:

The Divine Mind: Within Gnostic philosophy, the mind is frequently linked to the divine spark residing in humans, a fragment of the supreme God ensnared in the material realm. The awakening of this divine mind is crucial for achieving liberation (gnosis).
Self-Knowledge: The Gnosis of the Mind underscores the significance of self-knowledge as a pathway to spiritual enlightenment. By comprehending the true essence of the self, individuals can rise above the illusions presented by the material world.
Cosmic Dualism: Gnostics posited a dualistic universe in which the material world is perceived as an imperfect creation governed by a lesser deity known as the Demiurge, while the spiritual realm is the territory of the true, transcendent God. The mind acts as a conduit between these two domains.
Mystical Experience: The discussion delves into how the mind can achieve a direct encounter with the divine through practices such as meditation, contemplation, and personal transformation.

Key Concepts in Gnostic Thought:

Gnosis:

Gnosis signifies a direct, experiential understanding of the divine, contrasting with knowledge derived from intellect or faith. It represents the primary objective of Gnostic spirituality.

The Demiurge:

Within Gnostic cosmology, the Demiurge is depicted as a lesser, frequently malevolent deity responsible for the creation of the material world. Gnostics aimed to liberate themselves from the Demiurge's dominion and return to the authentic, spiritual God.

The Divine Spark:

Gnostics held the belief that humans possess a divine spark or fragment of the supreme God, ensnared within the material realm. The aim of spiritual practice is to awaken this spark and achieve unity with the divine.

The Pleroma:

The Pleroma denotes the completeness of the divine realm, where the true God exists. It serves as the ultimate goal for the enlightened soul.

G.R.S. Mead's Contribution:

Revival of Gnosticism: Mead was among the pioneering scholars to reintroduce Gnosticism to contemporary audiences. His efforts significantly contributed to the resurgence of interest in Gnosticism during the 20th century.
Translations and Interpretations: Mead translated and elucidated numerous ancient texts, rendering them accessible to English-speaking readers. His translations are recognized for their clarity and profound insight.
Interdisciplinary Approach: Mead's scholarship effectively connects academic inquiry with spiritual practice, appealing to both scholars and spiritual seekers.

The Significance of "Echoes from the Gnosis":

Spiritual Understanding: This series delivers deep insights into the essence of reality, the self, and the divine, rendering it an essential resource for those on a spiritual quest.
Cultural Background: Mead's scholarship enhances comprehension of the historical and cultural backdrop of Gnosticism, illuminating its impact on early Christianity and Western esoteric traditions.
Perennial Wisdom: The principles of Gnosticism, as articulated by Mead, continue to hold relevance in contemporary times, offering pathways to personal transformation and enlightenment.

Approaching "The Gnosis of the Mind":

Engage with an Open Mind:

Gnostic writings frequently employ symbolic and metaphorical expressions. Approach the text with an inquisitive spirit and a readiness to delve into its profound meanings.

Contemplate the Themes:

Reflect on how the ideas of the divine mind, self-awareness, and cosmic dualism relate to your own spiritual path.

Pursue Further Exploration:

If "The Gnosis of the Mind" resonates with you, consider delving into other volumes within the Echoes from the Gnosis series, as well as Mead's additional works, including "Fragments of a Faith Forgotten" and "Thrice-Greatest Hermes."

Concluding Remarks:

"Echoes from the Gnosis" and The Gnosis of the Mind serve as invaluable resources for individuals interested in Gnosticism, esotericism, or the historical evolution of spirituality. G.R.S. Mead's contributions breathe life into the ancient wisdom of the Gnostics, providing enduring insights into the nature of the divine and the journey toward enlightenment. Whether you are a scholar, a spiritual seeker, or simply intrigued by Gnostic philosophy, this series offers a profound and enriching exploration of the Gnostic tradition.

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G.R.S. Mead - A Mithriac Ritual Echoes from the Gnosis Volume VI
G.R.S. Mead - The Gnosis of The Mind Echoes from the Gnosis Volume I
G.R.S. Mead - The Gnostic Crucifixion Echoes from the Gnosis Volume VII
G.R.S. Mead - The Hymn of Jesus Echoes from the Gnosis Volume IV
G.R.S. Mead - The Hymn of the Robe of Glory Echoes from the Gnosis Volume X
G.R.S. Mead - The Hymns of Hermes Echoes from the Gnosis Volume II

Trishasti Shalaka Purusa Caritra | 01-06 Volumes | PDF Free Download

Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra, also referred to as Trisasti Shalaka Purusha Charitra, is a significant Jain scripture that meticulously chronicles the lives of 63 prominent individuals (Shalaka Purushas) within Jainism. This esteemed group comprises the 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual leaders), 12 Chakravartins (universal emperors), 9 Baladevas, 9 Vasudevas, and 9 Prativasudevas. The text holds a pivotal place in Jain literature and is esteemed for its historical, religious, and philosophical importance.

Key Information Regarding Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra:

Author:

• The work was authored by Acharya Hemachandra, a distinguished Jain scholar, poet, and polymath from the 12th century CE in Gujarat, India.
• Hemachandra was an influential writer who made substantial contributions to Jain philosophy, grammar, poetry, and historical narratives.

Content:

• Written in Sanskrit, the text is organized into 10 sections (parvas), each dedicated to the lives of the 63 Shalaka Purushas.
• It offers comprehensive accounts of the lives, actions, and spiritual accomplishments of these figures, highlighting their virtues, sacrifices, and their roles in advancing Jain teachings.
• The narratives serve not only as religious texts but also as moral and ethical frameworks for adherents of Jainism.

Structure:

The text is organized around the following categories of figures:

1. 24 Tirthankaras: Enlightened spiritual leaders who imparted the path to liberation (moksha), with Mahavira being the most recent and central figure in Jainism.
2. 12 Chakravartins: Universal rulers who exemplified the principles of just kingship.
3. 9 Baladevas: Individuals recognized for their strength and moral integrity.
4. 9 Vasudevas: Heroes who battled against malevolence but were ultimately flawed due to their propensity for violence.
5. 9 Prativasudevas: Adversaries who opposed the Vasudevas and were ultimately vanquished.

Themes:

• The text underscores the tenets of ahimsa (non-violence), truthfulness, ascetic practices, and the quest for spiritual liberation.
• It delves into the notions of karma, reincarnation, and the journey towards moksha (freedom from the cycle of birth and death).
• Additionally, the narratives emphasize the significance of detachment, compassion, and ethical behavior.

Significance:

• Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra is regarded as a pivotal work within Jain literature, extensively examined by scholars and adherents of Jainism.
• It serves as a source of motivation and direction for Jain followers, imparting moral teachings and spiritual wisdom.
• Moreover, the text holds historical and cultural importance, offering insights into the social and religious dynamics of ancient India.

Legacy:

The text has been translated into multiple languages, such as Hindi, Gujarati, and English, thereby broadening its accessibility to diverse audiences.
It remains an essential reference for comprehending Jain philosophy, ethics, and historical context.

Example of a Story from the Text:

One of the most renowned narratives in Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra is the account of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara. The text chronicles his birth, his renunciation of material life, his spiritual endeavors, and his eventual achievement of kevala jnana (omniscience). It also recounts his teachings on non-violence, truth, and the pathway to liberation.

Conclusion:

Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra stands as a fundamental text in Jain literature, presenting a rich array of stories and teachings that reflect the essential principles of Jainism. It is an invaluable resource for those interested in Jain philosophy, history, or spirituality. Should you wish to delve into specific stories or themes from the text, please do not hesitate to inquire.

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Trishasti Shalaka Purusa Caritra 1

Trishasti Shalaka Purusa Caritra 2

Trishasti Shalaka Purusa Caritra 3

Trishasti Shalaka Purusa Caritra 4

Trishasti Shalaka Purusa Caritra 5

Trishasti Shalaka Purusa Caritra 6

The History of Ancient Rome | History | Ancient History | Prof. Garrett G. Fagan | PDF Free Download

There are numerous motivations to consider antiquated Rome. Rome's range was tremendous. In the local, eager, and moving history of mainland Europe, the Roman Empire remains as a transcending landmark to scale and strength. At its stature, the Roman Empire, brought together in legislative issues and law, extended from the sands of Syria to the fields of Scotland, and it represented right around 700 years.

The Roman Revolution

Talks 20–27 pursue the course of what current researchers have named the "Roman Revolution."

In the century somewhere in the range of 133 and 31 B.C.E., the Roman Republic destroyed itself. It is a time of sensational political and military advancements, of yearning commanders testing the expert of the state, of common wars and horrible savagery, and of a portion of the main incredible characters of European history: Marius, Sulla, Pompey, and Julius Caesar.

The story is captivating, muddled, and on occasion frightful, and it represents superbly the authentic standard of possibility. With a couple of special cases, every hero in the show of the Revolution acted inside the limits of need or point of reference, and in this way set new and perilous points of reference for later heroes to pursue.

Along these lines, the Roman Revolution was not an organized or arranged occasion, however an aggregate snowball of emergencies that joined to break the arrangement of Republican government.

In the wake of delaying to inspect the social and social existence of the Late Republic, you come back to the last periods of the Revolution and the ascent to intensity of the man who was to turn into Rome's first head, Augustus.

The End and a New Beginning

To finish up the course, the last three talks come back to the Empire's only remaining hundreds of years. The Empire is reestablished to request and solidness toward the finish of the third century, however under an undeniably severe government.

The regulation of Christianity to legitimize Imperial power and an all the more transparently absolutist system made, from multiple points of view, a Roman Empire closer to medieval Europe than to the Empire of Augustus. All things considered, the later Empire is dealt with just as a rule terms here, since it warrants nearer study independent from anyone else.

The course finishes with one of the incredible inquiries ever: Why did the Roman Empire fall? We perceive how, according to most current researchers, the Empire did not fall at everything except rather simply changed into something altogether different, a less urbanized, progressively rustic, early medieval world.

Bible History | Old Testament | PDF Book Free

The Bible is the sacred text of the Christian religion, implying to tell the historical backdrop of the Earth from its most punctual creation to the spread of Christianity in the principal century A.D. Both the Old Testament and the New Testament have experienced changes throughout the hundreds of years, including the production of the King James Bible in 1611 and the expansion of a few books that were found later.

The Old Testament is the main area of the Bible, covering the production of Earth through Noah and the flood, Moses and that's just the beginning, completing with the Jews being removed to Babylon.

The Bible's Old Testament is fundamentally the same as the Hebrew Bible, which has sources in the antiquated religion of Judaism. The careful beginnings of the Jewish religion are obscure, yet the main known notice of Israel is an Egyptian engraving from the thirteenth century B.C.

The most punctual known notice of the Jewish god Yahweh is in an engraving identifying with the King of Moab in the ninth century B.C. It is conjectured that Yahweh was potentially adjusted from the mountain god Yhw in old Seir or Edom.

It was during the reign of Hezekiah of Judah in the eighth century B.C. that students of history accept what might turn into the Old Testament started to take structure, the aftereffect of regal copyists recording regal history and chivalrous legends.

During the reign of Josiah in the sixth century B.C., the books of Deuteronomy and Judges were accumulated and included. The last type of the Hebrew Bible created throughout the following 200 years when Judah was gobbled up by the growing Persian Empire.