Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد
الأضحى, translit. ʿīd al-aḍḥā, lit. 'Festival of the
Sacrifice', ), also called the "Sacrifice Feast", is the second of
two Muslim holidays celebrated worldwide each year, and considered the holier
of the two. It honors the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his
son, as an act of submission to God's command. Before he sacrificed his son God
intervened by sending his angel Jibra'il (Gabriel), who then put a sheep in his
son's place. The meat from the sacrificed animal is divided into three parts:
the family retains one third of the share; another third is given to relatives,
friends and neighbors; and the remaining third is given to the poor and needy.
In the Islamic lunar calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day
of Dhu al-Hijjah and lasts for four days until the 13th day. In the international
(Gregorian) calendar, the dates vary from year to year drifting approximately
11 days earlier each year.
Eid al-Adha is the latter of the two Eid holidays, the former
being Eid al-Fitr. The word "Eid" appears once in Al-Ma'ida, the
fifth sura of the Quran, with the meaning "solemn festival".
Like Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha begins with a prayer of two rakats
followed by a sermon (khutbah). Eid al-Adha celebrations start after the
descent of the Hujjaj, the pilgrims performing the Hajj, from Mount Arafat , a
hill east of Mecca. Eid sacrifice may take place until sunset on the 13th day
of Dhu al-Hijjah. The days of Eid have been singled out in the Hadith as
"days of remembrance" and considered the holiest days in the Islamic
Calendar. The takbir (days) of Tashriq are from the Maghrib prayer of the 29th
of Dhul-Qadah up to the Maghrib prayer of the 13th of Dhu al-Hijjah (thirteen days
and nights)
The Arabic term "festival of the sacrifice", ʿīd al-aḍḥā / ʿīd
ul-aḍḥā is borrowed into Indo-Aryan languages such as Urdu, Hindi,Assamese,Bengali,
Gujarati, and Austronesian languages such as Malay and Indonesian (the last
often spelling it as Aidil Adha or Idul Adha). Another Arabic word for
"sacrifice" is Qurbani (Arabic: قربان.)
The Semitic root Q-R-B (Hebrew ק-ר-ב) means
"to be close to someone/something"; other words from the root
include qarov, "close", and qerovim, "relatives."
The senses of root meaning "to offer" suggest that the act of
offering brings one closer to the receiver of the offering (here, God). The
same stem is found in Hebrew and for example in the Akkadian
language noun aqribtu "act of offering."
Eid al-Kabir, an Arabic term meaning "the Greater Eid"
(the "Lesser Eid" being Eid al-Fitr), is used in Yemen, Syria, and
North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt). The term was
borrowed directly into French as Aïd el-Kebir. Translations of "Big
Eid" or "Greater Eid" are used in Pashto (لوی اختر Loy Axtar),
Kashmiri (Baed Eid), Urdu and Hindi (Baṛī Īd), Tamil (Peru Nāl, "Great
Day") and Malayalam (Bali Perunnal, "Great Day of Sacrifice"). Albanian,
however, uses Bajram(i) i vogël or "the Lesser Eid" (as opposed to Bajram
i Madh, the "Greater Eid", for Eid al-Fitr) as an alternative
reference to Eid al-Adha.
The festival is also called "Bakr-Eid" in Urdu and Hindustani
languages (بقر عید, baqr `īd),
stemming from the Arabic word al-Baqara meaning "The Cow", although
some have attributed it to the Urdu and Hindustani word bakrī, meaning
"goat", because of the tradition of sacrificing a goat in South Asia
on this festival. This term is also borrowed into other Indian languages, such
as Tamil Bakr.
Some names refer to the fact that the holiday occurs after the
culmination of the annual Hajj. Such names are used in Malaysian and Indonesian
(Hari Raya Haji "Hajj celebration day", Lebaran Haji, Lebaran Kaji.
When this was not yet an official feast in the Philippines, this was how it was
called in Mindanao and other predominantly Muslim areas. When it became a legal
holiday in 2009, it became officially known as Eid al-Adha. Some also reference
it with local language names like Kapistahan ng Pagsasakripisyo in Tagalog. In
Tamil it is called (Hajji Peru Nāl).
It's also known as Id ul Baqarah in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and in the
Middle East, as Eid è Qurbon in Iran, Kurban Bayramı ("the Holiday of
Sacrifice") in Turkey, Baqarah Eid in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Trinidad, Eid
el-Kebir in Morocco, Tfaska Tamoqqart in the Berber language of Jerba, Iduladha
or Qurban in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, Qurbani Eid in
Bangladesh, Bakri Idh ("Goat Eid") in parts of Pakistan and India and
Tabaski or Tobaski in Senegal and West Africa (most probably borrowed from the Serer
language — an ancient Serer religious festival), Babbar Sallah in Hausa
language and ciida gawraca in Somali. Eid al-Adha has had other names outside
the Muslim world. The name is often simply translated into the local language,
such as English Feast of the Sacrifice, German Opferfest, Dutch Offerfeest, Romanian
Sărbătoarea Sacrificiului, and Hungarian Áldozati ünnep. In Spanish it is known
as Fiesta del Cordero or Fiesta del Borrego (both meaning "festival of the
lamb").
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