The History of Pakistan (Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) | Iftikhar H. Malik – Book Summary and Detailed Review | PDF Book Free Download

“Discover a detailed summary and analysis of ‘The History of Pakistan’ by Iftikhar H. Malik. Learn about Pakistan’s political evolution, military rule, and global relations in this essential modern history book.”

Title: The History of Pakistan (Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) Author: Iftikhar H. Malik
Publisher: Greenwood
First Published: 2008
Genre: Historical, Political, Academic
Pages: Approximately 220
ISBN: 9780313331262

Introduction to the Book

"The History of Pakistan" by Iftikhar H. Malik represents a meticulously researched and scholarly addition to the "Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations" collection. Targeted at those intrigued by South Asian history, international relations, and post-colonial issues, this volume provides a succinct yet thorough exploration of Pakistan's dynamic past—from its ancient civilizations to its establishment in 1947, and the intricate realities of the present century.
Dr. Malik, a distinguished historian and professor residing in the UK, possesses extensive knowledge in South Asian and Islamic history. In this work, he not only outlines a chronology of significant events but also delves into the intricate geopolitical, religious, and cultural stories that have influenced contemporary Pakistan.

Overview of the Book

The text is structured into thematic and chronological sections that address:

1. Pre-Islamic and Islamic Roots

Malik begins by exploring the profound and historical narrative of the Indus Valley Civilization, recognized as one of the earliest centers of human culture. He subsequently examines the introduction of Islam into the Indian subcontinent through commerce, Sufi mysticism, and military engagements, which established the cultural and religious basis that would pay a pivotal role in the emergence of Pakistan.

2. The British Colonial Era

This section critically analyzes the impact of British colonial governance in the Indian subcontinent, especially its political and economic implications. Malik discusses the "divide and rule" strategy and how the colonial legacy—comprising administrative frameworks, military focus, and legal systems—shaped Pakistan's path after achieving independence.

3. The Birth of Pakistan (1947)

This portion offers one of the most exhaustive accounts. Malik narrates the tragic and violent partition of British India, detailing Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s contribution and the ideological basis for Pakistan as a sanctuary for Muslims. He investigates the demographic shifts, refugee crises, and initial administrative disorder that characterized the early years of the nation.

4. Political and Military Developments

Malik offers a measured depiction of Pakistan’s fluctuating phases of military governance and unstable democratic practices. He elaborates on:

• The coups led by Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zia-ul-Haq, and Pervez Musharraf.
• The division of East Pakistan and the establishment of Bangladesh in 1971.
• The rise and decline of political figures such as Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif, and Imran Khan.
• The ongoing supremacy of the military and intelligence organizations in domestic affairs and international interactions.

5. Religious and Ethnic Diversity

Although Pakistan is frequently represented as uniform in global narratives, Malik highlights its ethnic variety—including Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, Baloch, Muhajirs, along with minorities such as Christians, Hindus, Ahmadis, and Sikhs. He illustrates how sectarianism and religious extremism intensified over time, particularly during and following the Afghan jihad.

6. Foreign Relations

Pakistan's strategic geographic position places it at the core of US, Chinese, Indian, and Afghan diplomatic strategies. Malik explores:

• The US-Pakistan partnership during the Cold War era.
• The complicated dynamics with India, notably regarding the Kashmir conflict.
• The strengthening relations with China and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
• The repercussions of the events of 9/11 and the ensuing War on Terror.

7. Modern Challenges and Prospects

The concluding chapter examines Pakistan in the 21st century, focusing on its hurdles and prospects for advancement. These encompass:

• Democracy and judicial engagement
• Freedom of the press and regulation
• Youth engagement and digital competency
• Water scarcity, economic reliance, and environmental change
• Gender equality and societal transformation
• Prospects for regional harmony
  

Strengths of the Book

• Evenhanded Viewpoint: Malik steers clear of extreme patriotism or severe condemnation, offering an impartial, fact-driven narrative of history.
• Accessible Yet Scholarly: It is understandable for students and casual readers while maintaining scholarly integrity.
• Sequential Clarity: Each chapter connects seamlessly to the previous one, aiding the reader in grasping the historical development clearly.
• Contextual Awareness: Events are not merely enumerated; they are contextualized within global and regional frameworks.

Why This Book Is Relevant Today

In the contemporary, rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape, grasping the historical underpinnings of Pakistan is crucial—not just for scholars and students but also for diplomats, journalists, and the general populace. Malik's work serves as a significant contribution, enabling international audiences to look beyond superficial media coverage and appreciate Pakistan's internal complexities, its regional dynamics, and its significance on a global scale.
Whether your interests lie in the Pakistan-India tension, military involvement in governance, or socioeconomic progress, this book provides essential insights that enhance your comprehension.

Critiques and Shortcomings

Every book has its drawbacks. Some criticisms include:

• Narrow Cultural Emphasis: There is a diminished emphasis on literature, visual arts, and film, which could illustrate a more vibrant depiction of Pakistan’s culture.
• Released in 2008: As the book was completed prior to pivotal events such as Imran Khan’s emergence, the 2018 elections, and the 2022 political turmoil, readers may need to seek additional current resources.
• Academic Style: Although it is readable, certain sections could still seem dense for casual readers.

Conclusion: Who Would Benefit from This Book?

• Students of South Asian Studies, Political Science, and International Relations
• Historians and Academics looking for an impartial summary of Pakistan’s evolution
• Policy Makers and Diplomats requiring insights into Pakistan’s internal and external policies
• General Readers interested in the foundations of a contemporary Islamic republic