Dirafsh e Kaviyani (درفش کاویانی) | Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib | PDF eBook Free Download

Dirafsh-e-Kaviyani (درفش کاویانی) is not a creation of Mirza Ghalib, the esteemed poet of Urdu and Persian. Rather, it is a concept that is deeply embedded in Persian mythology and historical narratives. This term refers to the legendary "Kaviyani Banner" (درفش کاویانی), which symbolizes Persian authority and the struggle against oppression.

Understanding Dirafsh-e-Kaviyani:

Historical and Mythological Importance:

1. The Dirafsh-e-Kaviyani is linked to the Kayanian dynasty, a mythical pre-Islamic Persian lineage.
2. According to legend, the banner was fashioned by Kaveh the Blacksmith (کاوه آهنگر), a heroic character who instigated a revolt against the despot Zahhak (ضحاک).
3. This banner emerged as a representation of justice, liberty, and defiance against tyranny within Persian culture.

Cultural Heritage:

1. The Dirafsh-e-Kaviyani frequently appears in Persian literature, notably in the Shahnameh (شاهنامه) authored by Ferdowsi, the epic poet of Persia.
2. It embodies the resilient spirit of the Persian populace and their quest for justice.

Relation to Mirza Ghalib:

Although Ghalib was significantly influenced by Persian culture and literary traditions, there is no record of him composing a specific piece titled Dirafsh-e-Kaviyani. Nonetheless, Ghalib's extensive writings in Persian often reflect themes from Persian history, mythology, and Sufi philosophy. For those interested in Ghalib's Persian compositions, his Kulliyat-e-Ghalib Farsi (کلیاتِ غالب فارسی) serves as a comprehensive collection of his Persian poetry.

Ghalib's Persian Poetry:

Ghalib's contributions to Persian poetry are highly esteemed and encompass:

1. Ghazals: Lyrical verses that delve into themes of love, spirituality, and existential contemplation.
2. Qasidas: Poetic forms that praise patrons or explore philosophical ideas.
3. Rubaiyat: Quatrains that offer deep philosophical reflections.

An illustration of Ghalib's Persian poetry showcases his linguistic prowess and philosophical insight:
Persian:
ہر چند کہ دانائے رموز عشق ہوں
دریائے بیکرانہ بے موز عشق ہوں
Roman Urdu:
Har chand ke dana-e-ramooz-e-ishq hoon
Darya-e-bekrana-e-be-mooz-e-ishq hoon.
English Translation:
Although I possess knowledge of the mysteries of love,
I am an infinite ocean, boundless in love.

Conclusion:

Dirafsh-e-Kaviyani represents a significant element of Persian mythology and history, rather than a creation of Mirza Ghalib. Nonetheless, Ghalib's Persian poetry remains a rich source of wisdom and artistic expression, profoundly shaped by Persian cultural influences.

Memorial Biographies | The New England Historic Genelogical Society 1845-1852 | Volume01 | Biography Book in PDF Free Download

The New England Historic Genealogical Society (NEHGS) was framed in 1845, and in 1847, they distributed the principal issue of the New England Historical and Genealogical Register. The NEHGS is the most seasoned genealogical society in the United States, and the Register, in like manner, is the nation's most seasoned genealogical diary.

The Register has distributed a wide assortment of material over its history, a lot of it concentrated on New England families. In the pages of the Register you can discover narratives, assembled parentages, lists, true to life draws, modified works of wills, birth records, marriage records, passing records, arrangements of early pilgrims, diaries and recognitions, families, sections from diaries, letters, relative reports, replicated church records, engravings from tombstones, procedures of verifiable social orders, and warnings of books as of late distributed on ancestry, among different things.

In light of the assortment of data and configurations in the Register, only one out of every odd name or date has been extricated and ordered in this database. So after your pursuit, you may likewise need to peruse the accumulation for extra progenitors who may be referenced in the content. Volumes are composed by genealogical record, not choronologically. Pictures are accessible to peruse for volumes distributed through 1922. Pictures from later volumes might be gotten to by means of NEHGS.

Thai Quran | Translation of The Holy Quran In Thai language | Free Download in PDF

When examining translations of the Quran, it is crucial to acknowledge the religious importance of the original Arabic text. With this perspective, the following is an overview of Quran translations in Thai and the Thai language:

Thai Quran Translation:

Accessibility:

The aim of translating the Quran into Thai is to ensure that its teachings are reachable for Thai-speaking Muslims.

This allows them to comprehend and engage with the sacred text in their mother tongue.

Availability:

Thai translations of the Quran are accessible, with initiatives focused on providing these materials.

These translations are available in both print and digital formats.

Various organizations and individuals have played a role in the creation and dissemination of Thai Quran translations.

Significance:

Such translations are essential for helping Thai-speaking Muslims deepen their connection to their faith.

Thai Language:

Classification:

Thai belongs to the Tai–Kadai language family and is predominantly spoken in Thailand.

It serves as the official language of the country.

Characteristics:

The language features a unique script and a tonal system.

It boasts a rich literary heritage.

A significant portion of the population in Thailand speaks Thai.

Cultural Importance:

The Thai language is integral to the cultural identity of the Thai people.

It is essential in their traditions, customs, and social interactions.

Thai culture is abundant in artistic expression, which is closely linked to the Thai language.

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Ghazaliyaat e Farsi (غزلیاتِ فارسی) | Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib | PDF eBook Free Download

Ghazaliyaat-e-Farsi (غزلیاتِ فارسی) represents a compilation of Persian ghazals authored by Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, a preeminent figure in both Urdu and Persian literary spheres. Although Ghalib is predominantly celebrated for his contributions to Urdu poetry, his Persian compositions hold substantial importance, reflecting his profound command of the Persian language and its poetic heritage.

Key Aspects of Ghazaliyaat-e-Farsi:

Content:

This collection features **ghazals**, a lyrical poetry form that delves into themes such as love, spirituality, existential inquiry, and the human experience.
Ghalib's Persian ghazals are distinguished by their profoundness, intricacy, and philosophical reflections, paralleling the qualities found in his Urdu works.

Themes:

• Love: Ghalib's Persian ghazals prominently explore both divine and earthly love, articulating the joys and sorrows associated with love's transformative essence.
• Existentialism: His poetry often grapples with existential questions, examining the essence of reality and humanity's quest for significance.
• Sufism: Numerous verses embody Sufi thought, highlighting the ephemeral nature of worldly existence and the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.
• Sorrow and Resilience: Ghalib's personal adversities, including tragedies and financial hardships, resonate within his poetry, which conveys a tone of melancholic strength.

Language and Style:

• Ghalib's Persian poetry is noted for its rich lexicon, merging traditional Persian poetic forms with his unique creative expressions.
• His adept use of wordplay, metaphors, and paradoxes renders his poetry both intellectually stimulating and rewarding for readers.
• The style of Ghalib is often characterized as intellectual and philosophical, necessitating thoughtful analysis to reveal its deeper significances.

Structure:

• A ghazal generally comprises between 5 to 15 couplets (sher), with each couplet presenting an independent thought or concept.
• The initial couplet (matla) establishes the mood and introduces the rhyme pattern (qafia) along with the refrain (radif).
• The concluding couplet (maqta) frequently features the poet's pen name (takhallus), which in Ghalib's case is "Ghalib," signifying "dominant" or "superior."

Legacy:

• Ghalib's Persian ghazals have significantly impacted Persian literature and are still extensively read, recited, and analyzed.
• His works have inspired numerous musical adaptations and continue to motivate poets, writers, and intellectuals.

Example of a Persian Ghazal by Ghalib:

Here is an illustration of one of Ghalib’s Persian ghazals:
Persian:

ہر چند کہ دانائے رموز عشق ہوں
دریائے بیکرانہ بے موز عشق ہوں
Roman Urdu:
Har chand ke dana-e-ramooz-e-ishq hoon
Darya-e-bekrana-e-be-mooz-e-ishq hoon.
English Translation:
Although I possess knowledge of the mysteries of love,
I am an infinite ocean, boundless in love.

Availability:

• Ghazaliyaat-e-Farsi is accessible in both print and digital formats, often featuring scholarly commentary and interpretations.
• It is essential reading for anyone keen on delving into the richness and elegance of Ghalib's Persian poetry.

Conclusion:

Ghalib's Ghazaliyaat-e-Farsi exemplifies his command of the Persian language and his deep philosophical reflections. It remains an enduring gem for poetry enthusiasts and scholars alike.