Muawiyah I (Arabic: معاوية ابن أبي سفيان Muʿāwiyah ibn ʾAbī Ṣufyān; 602 – April 29 or May 1, 680)set up the Umayyad Dynasty of the caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad faction, the first being Uthman ibn Affan. Amid the first and second caliphates of Abu Bakr and (Umar ibn al-Khattab), he battled with the Muslims against the Byzantines in Syria.
To prevent the Byzantine badgering from the ocean, Muawiyah built up a naval force in the Levant and utilized it to stand up to the Byzantine Empire in the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The Caliphate vanquished a few regions including Cyzicus which were in this way utilized as maritime bases.
Muawiyah, Muhammad and Ali had a similar incredible awesome
granddad, 'Abd Manaf canister Qusay, who had four children: Hashim, Muttalib,
Nawfal, and Abdu Shams. Hashim was the immense granddad of Ali and Muhammad.
Umayyah receptacle Abdu Shams was the colossal granddad of Muawiyah.
Muawiyah and remaining individuals from his family were
rivals of the Muslims before the command of Muhammad. Alongside his two more
established siblings Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Utbah, Muawiyah was one of the
individuals from the chasing gathering of his maternal uncle Walid canister
Utbah that sought after Muhammad amid the hijra (movement), when Muhammad and
Abu Bakr were covering up in Ghar al-Thawr (Cave of the Bull).
In 630, Muhammad and his devotees entered Mecca, and the vast
majority of the Meccans, including the Abd-Shams group, formally submitted to
Muhammad and acknowledged Islam. Muawiyah, alongside his dad Abu Sufyan ibn
Harb, got to be Muslims at the victory of Mecca, in spite of the fact that
Muawiyah had been a crypto-Muslim since the 628 Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
Appearance:
Ibn Kathir wrote in his book Al-Bidāya wa-n-nihāya: "as
far as his appearance, he was reasonable and tall, uncovered with a white head
and he had a facial hair that he used to shading with henna. He was gentle
tempered, honorable, overwhelming and respectable among the general population,
liberal, just and astute".
Amid the season of Muhammad:
Muawiyah functioned as a copyist for Muhammad. As indicated
by al-Baladhuri, Urwa ibn az-Zubayr, relating from his dad, Aisha said "I
went to the Prophet, may Allah favor him and allow him peace, who was in a live
with Umm Habiba (Muawiyah's sister and Muhammad's significant other) on her
day. Muawiya thumped on the entryway and he gave him consent to enter, which he
did. He had a pen behind his ear which he had not utilized. The Prophet said,
'What is this on your ear?' He said, 'A pen which I have made prepared for
Allah and His Messenger.' The Prophet said. 'May Allah reimburse you well in
the interest of your Prophet! By Allah, I will just request that you record
disclosure from heaven" According to Ibn Kathir in his book Al-Bidayah
wan-Nihayah, Ibn Abbas said that Abu Sufyan inquired as to whether he could make
his child Muawiyah a recorder which Muhammad allowed. In this way, Muawiyah
turned into his scribe.
Muawiyah amid the Rashidun Caliphate
Under Abu Bakr:
Amid the season of Abu Bakr, Muawiyah used to serve under his
sibling Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan is not to be mistaken for
Yazid ibn Muawiya who was the caliph amid the period in which Hussain was
martyred). Muawiyah was one of the first to be sent into Syria.
Clash of Yarmouk:
In May 636, Emperor Heraclius propelled a noteworthy endeavor
against the Muslims, however his armed force was vanquished definitively at the
Battle of Yarmouk in August 636. In the fight, Muawiyah's sibling Yazid ibn Abi
Sufyan served under Khalid ibn al-Walid and Abu Ubaydah and was in order of one
of the wings and Muawiyah was his second in charge. Muawiyah's mom Hind
additionally participated in the battle.
Legislative leader of Syria:
In 639, Muawiyah was selected as the legislative head of
Syria by the second caliph Umar after his sibling the past senator Yazid ibn
Abi Sufyan and the representative before him Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah passed
on in a torment alongside 25,000 other people.'Amr ibn al-'As was sent to go up
against the Byzantine Army in Egypt.
With restricted assets his marriage to Maysum was politically
persuaded, as she was the little girl of the head of the Kalb (pooch) tribe,
that was an extensive Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. The Kalb tribe
had remained to a great extent nonpartisan when the Muslims first went into
Syria.After the torment that murdered a significant part of the Muslim Army in
Syria, by wedding Maysum, Muawiyah began to utilize the Jacobite Christians,
against the Romans. Muawiya's significant other Maysum (Yazid's mom) was additionally
a Jacobite Christian. With constrained assets and the Byzantine right over the
outskirt, Muawiyah worked in participation with the neighborhood Christian
populace.
As indicated by some books the town of Caesarea was taken by
Muawiyah in 640, when the last Byzantine Roman army in Syria and Palestine
surrendered. In any case, as per Al-Imam Al-Waqidi, the writer of the most
seasoned history books on Islam it was Muawiyah companion 'Amr ibn al-'As who
ousted the Roman armed force from Caesarea. 'Amr ibn al-'As who alongside
Muawiyah's sibling Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan who later turned into the legislative
leader of Syria, removed the Roman armed forces from numerous Syrian urban
communities and later 'Amr ibn al-'As likewise moved into Egypt.
Under Muawiyah's administration the Syrian armed force turned
into a noteworthy military drive. He chose the best pioneers from different
tribes where as somewhere else in the express the military units were still
based along tribal lines. He by and by observed to the solace and the hardware
of the troops, expanded their compensation and paid them all the time when they
were on obligation. He kept the troops in preparing by a yearly endeavor
against the Byzantines and in this manner kept the Byzantines in a steady
condition of unease and in this manner guarded his northern outskirt. He took
Qaysariyya in 19 AH. He supported advancements in military innovation.
Muawiyah's armed forces utilized "Minjenique" machines to drive vast
stones onto adversary bulwarks. He modernized the armed force, presenting
particular units for betray battle and frigid landscapes. New fortresses were
additionally assembled.
Muawiya left the Byzantine and Persian managerial structures
in place, being certain not to give his generally non-Muslims subjects any
motivator to revolt.
Postal framework, which was made by Omar ibn al Khattab for
military utilize, was presently opened to people in general by Muawiya. Uthman
expelled 'Amr ibn al-'As from governorship of Egypt so Muawiyah requesting that
he go along with him in Syria.
